MigL

Ok; we agree. My apologies for being violent 😄

What an unfortunate name for the PM of Poland; sounds like an amalgam of DONALD Trump and elon mUSK. How will anyone take him seriously ?

And I maintain it is not achievable. Temperature can be defined in two ways. Chemists are fond of the 'molecular/atomic motion' description. Physicists tend to use the 'energy of the system' description. It allows us to assign a 'temperature' to a single particle.

I don't recall saying temperature; just that absolute zero is not achievable. But you do recall Heisenberg says that if you stop all motion of a quantum particle, its position is determined exactly, and therefore, its momentum, and energy, is indeterminate. What exactly, am I misconceiving; please elaborate.

Not too surprised by the lawlessness, maliciousness and opportunism of D Trump, his boss E Musk, and the rest of his ass-kissing cabinet; the world is, unfortunately, full of people like them. After all, I remember 8 years ago, and the circus that was. I am very surprised at the stupidity of about half the American electorate ( Republicans ) who again chose to support this moron, and some of the other half of the electorate ( Democrats ) who chose to stay home on election day, either having forgotten the 8 previous years, thinking D Trump had changed his ways, or maybe simply not giving a damn. These people are in for a rude awakening over the next 4 years ( or longer ) because elections have consequences.

Fundamental laws are always present, 'reality', however, may not exist between observations. Google search for 'no local reality' vs 'non locality'. Absolute zero is not achievable, as there is always energy of the underlying fields present. IOW, nothing cannot exist, nor can it have ever existed, and your basic premise is flawed, unless you can provide a mechanism for achieving 'nothing'. Words have different meanings to different people whether North American English speakers, Iraqi people, or their ancestral Sumarians. Physics tend to use math to avoid the nonsensical use of Sumerian words by people who don't know what they are talking about.

Musk has no f**king clue as to what is criminal , and what is legal. He's one of those( along with many others in current American government ) who believes they are above such things because of their wealth, and the power American idiots have voted to give them. Elections have consequences.

I do that all the time too, because sometimes I prefer to use a mouse as opposed to the laptop's built in trackpad. You just get the 'ding' when connecting and disconnecting; no problems at all. And if you external drive cache is taking that long to clear, invest in faster drives.

Go to Walmart ( before the Chinese tariffs kick in ) or Canadian Tire ( where I got mine ), and buy a little round contraption which is essentially a hot plate with a tray for up to 6 eggs, and a cover. It comes with a measuring cup for about 50 ml of water, with a built in egg piercer. Simply pierce 6 eggs ( I get Mennonite eggs from the Polish Deli next door; really dense ), add the required amount of water for the 6 eggs ( or however many you have loaded ), push a button, and 15 min later your 6 eggs are perfectly steamed. No messing with sauce pans or stoves; cool with tap water, stick in the fridge, and you have breakfast for 3 days. But I gotta ask ... Where are you Americans getting eggs from ?

This is an observation, and while off-topic, it is related to the OP ... We seem to be losing ( interesting and knowledgeable ) members because of posts (OP ) of this type, where people present their beliefs ( which cannot be proven/disproven in any way ), and are therefore resistant to meaningful discussion. This is not science. ( have we ceased to be a science forum ? )

You will note that all the galaxies in your post where the 'expected' dark matter mass doesn't match the 'observed' dark matter mass are irregular galaxies. It is only in the spiral types, like Milky Way, M31 Andromeda and NGC 6744, that we notice the discrepancy in the rotation speed of the spiral arms.

Many TV shows have used the premise of time travel, while not being exclusively about time travel. Star Trek comes to mind, with two outstanding examples being STtOS, the 28 episode of the first season, "City on the edge of forever", and STtNG, "All good Things Pt1 and 2'. Then again, I'm Star Trek biased.

The RR RB-211 was developed over 50 years ago by Rolls-Royce to power the Lockheed Tristar, a 1970s competitor to the McDonnel/Douglas DC-10. Both were three engined designs, with two underwing engines and the third under the vertical tail. Rolls-Royce struggled to deliver engines capable of 40,000 lbst in time for the launch of the aircraft, and almost went broke, but later versions of that engine were capable of nearly 60,000 lbst. They are however still several generations old, and Rolls' newest engines, while still based on the three shaft design of the RB-211, are beasts producing well over 90,000 lbst ( Trent 800 series ). The latest off the drawing boards is the Ultra Fan, which is a totally new design that, instead of using three shafts to optimize efficiency of different compressor stages, uses a geared fan approach similar to the Pratt & Whitney of much less thrust. This may be more pertinent to the discussion

Modern turbofan engines pass 90 % of the airflow through the single stage fan. the core is essentially used to spin the turbines that drive the massive fan. the previous smaller straight blade fans were of honeycomb titanium construction, while newer ones are hollow titanium or CMC (ceramic matrix composite ) construction, wide bladed and convoluted 'scimitar' shaped to allow for supersonic tip speeds. They are not bird strike resistant, but rather 'tolerate' ( to some extent ) bird damage. Now we all know why Rolls Royce almost went bankrupt in the early 70s, while developing the RB-211. It was Studiot's brother's fault 😄 .

Yeah. We like to call them mathematical models that describe how things behave. As Swansont pointed out, the 'nature of reality' is a Philosophical question.

As Swansont and others have pointed out, what is the need for such a principle when there are already Physical laws preventing 'nothingness' ? Might there be places where Physical laws do not apply, necessitating your 'principle' to save the universe from having boundaries of 'nothingness' ?

Photons and neutrinos are massless composite particles ? What of gluons ? If your objective is resolving some unanswered questions, I don't see how creating many more unanswered problems achieves this. Galaxy rotation curves, the raison d'etre for dark matter are not simply a result of missing mass in the disk of the spiral, but also of the distribution of the missing mass.

D Trump had better check with his boss, E Musk, before making any more demands.

From your link "With new data, the universe's biggest mystery could be settled by the end of the decade.” IOW, It isn't settled yet, as more data is needed. Which means they don't know yet. I know ... Why don't we just give it a name to indicate we don't yet know the expansion mechanism. Something like 'Dark Energy' maybe ?

Saying 'Good Bye' got you a +1

The 'Laws' of the universe follow from symmetries. See Noether's Theorem. The Isotropy and homogeneity of the universe and its 'Laws' is due to causal contact, which means parts cannot be separated by a distance that light ( information ) cannot have travelled in an expanding universe, so, at some point in time, the universe must have been small enough to be in causal contact, See Inflation Theory. Scientific models have to be reproducible, and make testable predictions. The reproducibility and predictions have to be quantified, otherwise you are just 'hand-waving'. And that means math.

By the 1500s, the 'Black Death' had wiped out over 30 % of Europe's population. The very unequal feudal system of baron landowners with large numbers of serfs working the lands for barely subsistence came to an end, as the fewer remaining workers began to demand actual wages to work the land. Covid-19 had started to have the same effect as many people refused to return to minimally paying jobs after the pandemic. Quite a few restaurants and coffee shops had to close for lack of hired help, and governments are having to raise minimum wage to assist small businesses finding help. That seems to pale in comparison to a jackass like E Musk, who is currently worth approx. 440 Billion, demanding a yearly compensation of 56 Billion. He spent over 250 Million propping up D Trump's election campaign, such that he now controls the direction of the American Government ( finally lobbyists aren't the biggest problem anymore ), and yet, all the 'little' people ( non-affluent, uneducated ) voted for this Government thinking they'd get a better deal. P T Barnum underestimated the number of suckers born per minute. ( sorry, current American politics always gets me angry, so much so that I tend not to post too often as it ruins the rest of my day )

Perhaps Russia is a little too vague ( V Putin stays quiet, lets his puppet D Medvedev make the threats ) about their nuclear posturing and threats, INow. A much clearer example is North Korea and KJU. For the last 30-40 years they've been extorting and blackmailing with nuclear threats and missile tests.

I actually think it looks good on Justin Trudeau, who went to have dinner with D Trump and kiss his ass; meanwhile D Ford, Ontario's Premier, said "We don't want to do it, but if we are forced, we will cut off electric power to the 5 neighboring states we sell to". Can you guess who used to have their lunch money taken by the bully in grade school ? As for the moron Republicans who voted for D Trump so he could win, and the idiot Democrats who didn't bother to vote, and let him, this is the kind of shit you end up with ... Here's what happens when the world's richest man buys the presidency | Opinion

Unfortunately that is what folks believe, contrary to all evidence but also simple logic (i.e., differences in outcomes, priorities, goals, mechanisms, procedures etc.). Funny ( sad, actually ) how poor, or middle class, uneducated people vote to elect millionaires and billionaires thinking that they will look out for their best interests. Give them about 4 years to 'smell the coffee' and wake up.