MigL

Sorry Geordief. I was sleepy last night and not thinking clearly. Of course it is relaed to the 360o of a circle.o The maximal triangle would be two half circumferences, in orthogonal planes. And disregard what I said about 'approaching 360o, I was 'looking at the wrong plane; it would be exactly 360o ( for the maximal triangle ).

It approaches 360o. Thae sphere would have to be infinitely large for the pole angle to be 180o. So, no connection, I would think.

For the surface of a sphere ( positive curvature ), 360o is correct; formad by two right angles at the equator, and a 180o at the pole. You can see that any angle at the pole would make the total greater than 180o, as all equatorial angles are 90o. I'm not sure about higher dimensional positively curved spaces. If by ( open ) curved space, you mean a negatively curved, saddle shaped space, then the minimum total angles would approach zero.

So, assume the Israeli response has been 5-fold to the original Hamas offense. Your argument is, that hasn't worked, maybe Israel should try 1-fold ( proportional ) response. Others might argue 5-fold hasn't worked, maybe the response should be 10-fold, or even 20-fold, to emphasize the point.

As we can't seem to agree on the concept of 'parallel lines', let's just say that a triangle will have angles that add up to 180o in a 'flat' universe, or alternatively, the Pythagoras theorem has equivalent unit multipliers for each of the three squared terms ( this is also useful for higher dimensional spaces ). As to whether a 'flat' universe is infinite ... Of course. If it wasn't, it would need to have an 'edge'. ( and that is non-sensical )

Iran should tread carefully. It is common knowledge that they fund Hamas, and are a major factor for the instability of the area, If push comes to shove, and Israel feels threatened by Iran, we might see the nuclear option being used again. And what is this crap about proportional response ? That's not how deterrence works ! If you punch me, and the only thing I can do is punch you back, you might still go ahead and punch me. But, if the response to you harming me is much, much, worse, you may reconsider your actions.

So Israel is defined by their intractable, violent nature, and would fail as a nation if they took the first step towards peace? Sorry Phi. Either you misunderstood, or I wasn't clear enough. If the Palestinians lay down their weapons there will be a somewhat workable peace, as there will be no need for Israeli aggression. If the Israelis lay down their weapons, they will be at the mercy of their Arab neighbours, like Iran, Syria, etc. How long do you think they'll last ??? They are homemade. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qassam_rocket You are kicking the can down the road, Sensei. Where does the explosive material come from ? Where do the ingredients to make explosive material come from ? Where does the solid propellant come from ? These, and most Nitrates, are not household substances. Yet there are complaints that medical supplies, and essentials for life, are not getting through the border checkpoints? Maybe spend some of the effort to deliberately smuggle in explosives and rocket propellant to improve people's lives. That would be a start in the right direction.

Don;t know about V Putin and any interests he might have in the area. But certainly other actors are thinly veiled. Just exactly how do 3350 rockets ( and counting ) get into Gaza, when the borders are tightly controlled, yet people argue for the relaxation of those controls.

In the last 8 days, Hamas has indescriminately fired 3,350 rockets into Israeli population centres. How's that for improving morale ?

I'm sorry, I'm with Ghideon on this. Exotic matter with negative mass, and repulsive gravity, leads to the run-away problem, where one mass is attracted to the other, while the other is repelled by the one. Both spontaneously move/accelerate in the same direction with no nput of energy. Conservation of momentum goes out the window, indeed ! How much of currently accepted, observational Physics are tou willing to 'throw out the window', in support of your shaky ( at best ) conjecture ???

Ritchie Havens/Groove Armada, 'Hands of Time' Best seduction music ... ever.

Maybe we should sic G Thunberg on cryptocurrencies ... Then again, maybe she owns some, as her net worth is already over $1 million. ( not bad for a teenager )

Its more than simple supply/demand, iNow. E Musk, one man, announces that Tesla might divest itself of its cryptocurrency holdings, and all cryptocurrencies take a nose dive in value. And that is just a future possibility; imagine the carnage iif/when it finally happens. I would like my currency to be backed/controlled by my society ( country ). Not one man who is prone to lunatic/self-aggrandising behaviour. ( and who sucks on SNL )

If you mean to say that leadership is failing on both sides, obviously I cannot disagree. However, what is needed is for one side or the other to say "Let bygones be bygones", and lay down their weapons. If the Palestinians do so ( and get rid of Hamas ), there will be a somewhat workable peace. If the Israelis do so ( and get rid of B Netanyahu ), there will be no more Israel.

I don't absolve Israel for some of the blame in this latest mess. The Israelis have their conservative ( fascist to some ) and Orthodox, who think it is their God-given right to bulldoze peoples homes and expand Jewish settlements. Also, it seems that every time a Democrat President gets elected, the Iranians, through their terrorist arm, Hamas, try to test his 'fortitude'. Invariably, just as happened at the start of B Obama's Presidency, Hamas fires a bunch of Iranian supplied rockets into Israel, and the Israelis take the bait, and retaliate. The maximum impact, is when the israelis are forced to retaliate against schools, hospitals and buildings housing foreign press. The mistake I see is people 'reaching' for reasons, such as Israel trying to 'cover-up' information from entring or leaving, and jumping to biased conclusions without ALL information. ( and you don't do that by taking down a building housing foreign press; it's pretty well in the news immedately ) Apparently J Biden is satisfied with the intel provided, that warranted retaliation against aggressors housed in that building. Given the choice, Phi, would you rather live in that 'fascist' state, Israel, or any other country in that area ? And why is that ? The Palestinians biggest problem is not Israel, but their supposedly representative Governments, who care more about their 'cause' than their people.

Yes of course ... Instead of the usual Israel bashing, and jumping to conclusions about their 'fascist' motives, maybe we should investigate ALL the possibilities. It's not like Hamas. the PLO, or Authority, or any other group has shied away from using people as pawns in their terrorist agenda. They have fired rockets from hospitals, schools, and, it seems to me, the biggest bang for your buck would be if they forced Israel to retaliate against a building housing news organizations. What better way to shame the Israelis and let the world know of their despicable actions. But let's not investigate whether rockets were actually fired from the AP building, let's just blame Israel as always; it's fashionable isn't it ?

'Batwoman' is very well known for her work in tranmissible coronavirus deseases of bat origin. Her name is Shi Zhengli. Shi Zhengli - Wikipedia A Google search of 'Bat scientist of Wuhan' returns 3 620 000 results. Far from ambiguous, CharonY, but I do agree with your assessment of R Paul's character.

This is what happens when you take YouTube videos too seriously ... You are conflating the 2D analog of 4D space-time, the rubber sheet, and assuming it is stretched around a huge mass ( the Earth, in the analog ) composed of exotic or dark matter ( exotic matter makes no sense ), such that the dimples in the analog sheet are reproduced in space-time. While this might reproduce some of the effects of gravity, it most certainly cannot reproduce some of the more exotic effects of GR. ( lets see you try to model a Black Hole from the ubber sheet analogy ) Further, what is the separation between the exotic/dark matter core, and the reduced dimensionality universe of 'real' matter ? Can matter ( and properties ) be exchanged through this separation ? ( exotic matter has negative energy, and 'repels' gravitationally; that is why it doesn't make sense ) I think you have taken the 'rubber sheet' analogy waaaay too far ...

Actually Beecee, I would say ( and agree with K Thorne ) they provide a possible mechanism, but there are laws of Physics that could very well prevent the mechanism from working. And, as the mechanism involves the relativistic motion and return of one end of the wormhole, you could not go back in time to a point before the relativistic journey began.

If you invested as much time trying to understand accepted science as you have wasted on this useless conjecture, you would be that much further ahead, and have a good base to build on. Space-time has no associated 'fabric', nor can it be pushed or pulled. Stop wasting your time.

I'm not convinced of that either. A Martian day is similar to an Earth day, which might not be enough time to freeze or liquify completely, leading to a perpetually liquid or ice ring around the planet. Or possibly a state of 'slush' as a large buffer between the ice and water sections. I find it interesting as an idealized mental exercise, but the 'realities' which Studiot mentions, make it impractical, if not impossible.

Typically, an engineer 'applies' ( usually known )science, while a scientist 'derives' it.

So, using water which expands on freezing, you expect a higher pressure on th day-to-night freezing interface, and a lower pressure on the night-to-day thawing interface, leading to a pressure gradient, and a net flow of water, from which you hope to generate power. Obviously if a liquid other than water was used, that doesn't change density on freezing, you would have no pressure gradient, and no flow. The frozen section would just move around following the night-side. But what if you had any other liquid that contracts on freezing. Your analysis would then indicate a reverse pressure gradient, and a flow in the opposing direction ?

Does it really ? That is the reason that the exact opposite is true. All Black Holes conserve mass, charge and angular momentum in the Event Horizon, so that when a BH acquires any charge, more of the same charge in the accretion disk is 'repulsed by 36 orders of magnitude than would be attracted by equivalent gravity. Dissimilar charges, however, are attracted, and tend to neutralize any pre-existing charge. I would think a charged BH would be almost impossible to find. ( similarly I would expect to find few, if any, non-rotating BHs, as the collapse would increase even the slightest rotation immensely ) You make a lot of statements about how an accretion disk around massive BHs is not capable of generating the intense radiation seen from Quasars, yet you provide no numbers or reasoning for your assertions, Incidentally, spiral galaxies, like ours are generally NOT active; much younger types usually are, and that is why Quasars are seen at considerable distances ( and far back in time ). As for the rest of your post, maybe you could cut it down, and present a few items at a time, so that we can discuss each, and present counter-arguments, without having to write a 'book'.

You weren't a 'geek' when you were James Bond ... ( apologies to new members; you had to be there )