paulsutton

I think Helium is expensive so that could be one of many factors that makes airships less viable from a cost viewpoint, and Hydrogen is flammable so perhaps less of an option too.

If I understand how to this correctly I would just multiply 79.1 x 0.1 which is 10 % so 7.91 g Paul

Is it important to note that cooling too quickly can cause shock, which is why people who, on a hot day have jumped in to a lake or colder water and drowned (or suffered other harm) as their body has gone in to shock due to the sudden temperature change So temperature needs to be lowered slowly I guess.

I have some copper sulfate in solution along with various metals which should react and cause a displacement reaction for example Mg Zn Al If I make up a 0.1 molar solution of copper sulfate at 100ml volume I need 2.49g of copper sulfate in 100ml water. This is fine. Now if I wanted to add just enough of one of the above metals to displace all the cooper do I calculate as follows ( I could look this up, but I have an idea of how to do this, so am asking to see if I am on the right track) So if 1 M of Copper sulfate weighs 249g if mass of copper is 63.54 g then calculating the % composition gives 63.54 / 249 = 0.26 x 100 = 26% So if I have a 0.1 M solution, and used 2.49 g of the copper sulfate do I then work out what 26% of that is with 0.26 x 2.49 = 0.65g So I need 0.65g of one of the above metals to displace the copper I think I am nearly there with this, but given Magnesium , Aluminium and zinc all have different weights do I need to factor in the atomic mass of the element I am using for the displacement ? Or just weigh out say 0.65g of Magnesium to produce CuSO_4 5H_2O (solution) + Mg = MgSO4 (solution) + Cu + H20 I am not quite sure what happens to the 5H_2O here. Am I right on my thinking here ? Thanks Paul

If you use H_2O and NaCl won't you end up with Chlorine and Hydrogen ?

The Damage to Lunar Orbiting Spacecraft Caused by the Ejecta of Lunar Landers I am posting this here as it seems more of an engineering issue, so I found a paper posted to the Fediverse, looking at the problem of ejecta from the moon when spacecraft blast off from the surface and the potential damage this could do to any orbiting spacecraft. The paper can be found on arXiv https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.12234 Would i be right in thinking that this sort of thing is harder to physically simulate on Earth, even if we had a room where the floor is covered in a layer of moon dust (the fact the moon dust is not very pleasant or safe anyway) as we can't easily simulate the moons gravity on Earth. The only way to collect data would be to go to the moon, blast off and collect data that way, then look at that back on Earth. How could we perhaps address the issues raised? Paul

Within the forums. I am not sure, in general as LaTeX is text files, then it can be read / written in any text editor.

Just seen a post on the Fedivese from NASA that it is black hole week, so they have linked to their black hole basics page. https://universe.nasa.gov/black-holes/basics/?linkId=212543809 Happy #BlackHoleWeek

And perhaps any humans swimming in the sea in that area.

Cool, thank you for this.

I am not sure how desalination plants work but how do they compare with solar stills ?

Asking here as it seems more of an engineering question Looking at the recent spaceX launch, (ok it failed) there seems to be a move to build bigger and bigger rockets to take us in to space. How much is this really needed? Would we be better off expanding the ISS (or I think the plan is to build a new space station) which can act as a launchpad to take us to the moon, this could be equipped with what could be mini shuttle craft (like on star trek) that can dock and un dock as needed. On earth we can already do vertical take off and landing with aircraft, so these shuttle craft would also be capable of this. We currently have the smaller but reliable falcon rocket that could be perhaps used to launch components and supplies to the space stations. Just seems that given what happened with the latest spaceX launch and the possible environmental damage caused the industry is going to be held more accountable. Sticking with reliable technology could be a way forward

I would guess another response to this would be to look at facilities generally, having really good, clean, changing rooms, showers and other facilities are essential for ALL sports teams. Changing rooms for home / away team, officials and coaches is a good idea. Multiple changing rooms means more space is needed but at least more teams can then play on the same ground. For adult teams a physio room is really useful too, saves setting up in a changing room, which takes up space, hence having changing rooms with built in shower area, the shower area can double up before the game. Ensure they are well maintained, and yes that means PAYING people to keep them maintained, but some responsibility lies with the teams looking after what they have. Having helped with both senior and junior sports teams over the years, some places are great, others are the opposite side of that, best described as awful. Bad facilities will put anyone off playing sport. Sports teams need investment, especially at grass roots level.

Which in some cultures such as Hinduism carries a more spiritual meaning.

I am not sure we have two women on our team, granted one has left due to other commitments,but the sport does seem open to all I am sure the NFL made a financial contribution to the cause in the US a few months ago as I gave it a mention on the team forum. We are at grassroots level, Paul I am not an expert on the specifics.

I guess so, Religion seems to be also using fear to ensure people comply.

I think the Amateur Science section may be really useful for you too https://www.scienceforums.net/forum/78-amateur-science/ There is a thread on Red Cabbage indicator, which is useful for testing for chemical pH. Good safety goggles are a must, for the dangerous acids, you want gloves but the right kind for the acid being used, best avoid the stronger acids till later if at all. Paul You can buy plastic beakers, however I also buy jelly in pots, the plastic pots are probably about 100ml so ideal for simple experiments until you get hold of some. Borosilicate glass is the type used for heating Check out charity shops, I recently bought chemistry set for £2.50 each, and one a few months ago for the same. The first one had all sorts of stuff in, glassware, beakers, test tubes, chemicals, funnel, test tube brush, the 2nd one not so much but did have some test tubes which added to my small collection.

One of the 10 commandments says something like Thou shalt not love another man," which could be interpreted as banning homosexual relationships, on the other hand it could be telling a woman that once you love one man, you can't love another at the same time.

I am guessing this is in the right place, This was on the local news today Canadian firm hopes to dump minerals in sea off coast of Cornwall in climate change experiment https://www.itv.com/news/westcountry/2023-03-02/firm-hopes-to-dump-minerals-off-cornish-coast-in-climate-change-experiment Is there any actual scientific basis behind dumping MgOH in to the sea, to reduce acidity, ? Another question is if this is so good, why not do this off the Canadian coastline. ? Just seems dodgy to me. This does seem related to an experiment I am trying to do which is to determine the pH of seawater (done) next step is to figure out if eggshells can affect the pH too, as in reduce the acidity, like they do with vinegar, Experiment to follow on a sample,. I think i may have mentioned this in the amateur science section. Paul

Agreed, with legal medicines if you buy say 30mg of paracetamol from a shop is what you get, if you buy from the internet you may get fake medicines as they are sold cheap for example. So with Alcohol the strength is controlled if the alcohol is for consumption for example. But as alcohol is legal, laws are in place to hold you responsible for what you do post drinking, hence drinking while under the influence is illegal. Alcoholic drinks are also taxed. With illegal drugs or medicatioin, you may not have any idea what you are getting, so going back to over the counter, fake Viagra for example may contain some of the actual drug, but the rest of the tablet can be made of anything, and or made in unhygienic conditions Seen examples on consumer programs in the UK, so could be sawdust mixed in to make up the weight for example. I don't know much about things like Heroin, Fentynl, cocaine, etc but again these are valuable, so dealers will sell at a high price to keep you addicted and coming back for more. The argument we have lost the war on drugs does seem to be powerful, Legalising drugs will allow sales to be controlled, taxed etc.

If I remember correctly from school Hinudism has about 7 levels, so when you die you are reincarnated and either move up or down depending on how you live your life, the top is some sort of ultimate goal of peace. This was a long time ago, so not 100 percent sure. Paul

People must care about the future or they would not make wills to ensure their estate and assets are passed to who that person wants,. or to donate to specific causes within their will.

So where would the GNU General Public License fit in to this? https://www.gnu.org/ Or perhaps creative commons licensing https://creativecommons.org/ Paul

"sexual approach from somebody of our own sex rather disturbing" Could this also be possibly construed as sexual harassment, so if you make a complaint then I don't think a counter accusation of homophobia would work. This is why people need to be taught to respect each other and peoples personal space.

In the UK American Football is open to everyone So Men, Women and Trans people, equally as long as they can play the sport then they are able to play. Granted this is at senior level, but it is in contrast to Rugby. I am sure the same rules apply to Youth Football. Paul