Inorganic Chemistry

Hello! I was confused by the electrode signs in an alkaline hydrogen fuel cell. I know that in a galvanic cell the cathode is positive, but in an electrolytic cell, it's negative. Isn't a fuel cell a galvanic one? Why is the cathode negative? And how do the electrons move after the redox processes? Thanks a lot, Dan.

Hello, if you needed to analyse the amount of fluorides using titration, what method would you use? I had an idea about precipitating fluorides with CaCO3, and then using titration with EDTA to find out the amount of excess Ca 2+ ions, but I was wondering if there were more ways. Thank you (and sorry for my English, I'm not a native speaker).

Hello everyone, about 4 years ago I bought copper sulphate from a pool store. As you may imagine, it wasn't completely pure, but it worked for treating the pool. A month ago I decided to make some crystals from it, and dissolved it using hot tap water (I know I should've used distilled water but wanted to see what would happen). After filtering the initial saturated solution, I then left it on a closed glass bottle for some days (so there couldn't be any evaporation). As expected, I didn't see any crystals forming, but I noticed there was this yellow solid stuck on the bottom of the bottle. I thought it could be calcium or sulphate carbonate, but I wasn't sure. I …

Hello! I'm looking for different ways to make some safe but cool toys. Mixing different chemicals came to mind and I decided I'd like to do that. Of course, I figured I should know what I'm doing first. So starting out in chemisty, what are some basic chemicals that you need? What chemicals should you never mix? (I.E Potassium Nitrate and Sugar) What are some cool reactions and chemicals I can make? And, by all means feel free to rant and rave about amateur chemists as long as I learn some stuff from it.

New to this forum and completely inexperienced in Chemistry! Just desperately need some sound advice! I have double-glazed windows with leaded lights (type where lead strips are applied to surface of glass). Over time, dreadful white staining has come from the lead and run down the glass... My internet research leads me to believe this could be calcium carbonate staining... but I stand to be corrected! I've tried all manner of household cleaners on this, plus other receommendations of vinegar, lemon juice and elbow-grease, etc - No luck. Is is likely that this is calcium carbonate staining and if so what chemical/method could be used to remove it without …

Hey I am trying to make some nitric acid by mixing potassium nitrate(impure source), hydrochloric acid(30%) and copper. I start by dissolving potassium nitrate in warm water, then adding the hydrochloric acid and copper. But there is no reaction. i think it may be because of the impurity in the potassium nitrate. The potassium nitrate source is mixed with Potassium perchlorate and Barium nitrate. If this is the case, can somebody tell me how i can purify the potassium nitrate?

I am in awe of what Elon Musk is doing with the Gigafactory and the mass production of Li-ion batteries, but I can't help but think of some problems that I hope some of you guys can explain solutions for. 1. The relative abundance of lithium in the Earth's crust is low, is there enough lithium that is easily accessible to facilitate power storage for the Earth? And If we have to expand our mining operations how damaging would that be to the planet? 2. Recycling of degraded Li-ion batteries. When Li-ion batteries energy capacity has been depleted is there any way to recover the lithium from the spent battery with a good yield? Surely if we can't produce a …

Hey Guys! Currently working on a water management project for a gas field and our project partner is asking about the possibility of salt precipitations in the underground. How do I calculate the solubility of salts in water under low T, high p conditions and (especially) in the presence of known concentrations of other salts? In other words: How do I find out about NaCl solubility in water at 3000 m depth and 100 bar when there are already BaSO4, KCl and others contained in this water? Kind regards Sebastian

how could i prepare a 25% zinc chloride solution from a pure zinc chloride powder

What are the differences between 1) Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs), 2) Covalent Organic Polymers (COFs) and 3) Porous Organic Polymers (POPs)?? 2 are the same like 1, but there is no coordination bond just covalent bonds? 3 there is no metal atom? how to distinguish between such a similar species?

I was messing around with silver bullion to perform the reaction: Hydrogen Sulfide + SIlver = Silver Sulfide + Hydrogen And the smell of the hydrogen sulfide wont come off even after letting air dry from acetic acid rinsing. HALP MEH

Hi guys! Since i'm no chemist i have no idea what i actually inhaled so i'm asking for your help! I mixed solution of 30 grams sodium hydroxide,1 gram sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite in 1L water. This is used in cleaning metals like aluminum. So i had this solution in a glass,it has been dried up on the walls. I dropped few drops of 10% h2so4, 0.1% glycolic and 0.1% glycerine. It started bubbling so i thought oh its being neutralized by the hydroxide and i had a close snif. Wow what a sharp smell it was! I immediately washed it of in the sink. Anybody has idea what i inhaled? I hope not nox?? Any answer is appreciated! Re…

transition metal complexes, effect of ligands on metal NMR shift... complexes of formula M(amine)2X2, they write, that the difference between cis and trans isomers chemical shift, for dipiridine isomers (amine=piridine) is greater for diiodo than for dichloro complexes... and say if ligands amine and X are far from each other in the trans influence series, this difference chemical shift cis-trans is bigger... but why? wow it influence metal chemical shift? trans influenceof iodine is much larger than chlorine, so the Pt-N bond trans to iodine will be longer than when its trans to chlorine. but how it affects shielding of nmr signal? i would say its just withdrawal of ele…

Hello, I'm just doing some electrolysis experiments In electrolysis it is easy to predict the cathode products resulting from an electrolyte but not the anode product. If a electrolyte contains many anions, is there any way to predict the anode product before the experiment. For example if a electrolyte have OH-(aq) , Cl-(aq) , I-(aq) what gas will form near the anode.

From The word go I have to emphasise that I am not a chemist, but I need the help of you guys that has the knowhow. We have a RO plant on our site and most of our water goes through it (dairy Factory). However, when one section of the RO is on CIP, we bleed from the normal water into the supply to the factory. So the water is not always 100% RO water. In the RO plant we correct the pH to be within 7.4 to 8.0 as this is the requirement for most of our products. The problem is that we need a pH of approx 7.0 for one specific product. To achieve this we batch 11000 lites and correct the pH by adding acid by hand. In the last few weeks we had more trouble to achieve this…

In building some gyroscopic navigation equipment for a company, we used a very heavy clear liquid to suspend a spinning ball in this liquid. The liquid must have weighed over 100lbs in a 5 gallon can. What kind of liquid would it be? What is the heaviest known non-metallic liquid?

I have problem with those tasks, i was reading about rule, but still have no idea what to do... 1) FeTiO3 (mineral Ilmenite) possesses the corundum structure (remember our discussion in the class) – an hcp array of oxides with cations filling 2/3 of octahedral holes. Use the bond valence rules (Second Pauling’s Rule) to decide which oxidation states are present: Fe(II) Ti(IV) or Fe(III) Ti(III). Bond Distances (dexp, Å) Tabulated reference values Constants FeO = 3×2.07 and 3×2.20 R0(FeO) = 1.795 Å b = 0.30 TiO = 3×1.88 and 3×2.09 R0(TiO) = 1.815 Å b = 0.37 Check for oxygen valence (what is the coordination number of O?): each oxygen is bound to Fe and Ti with both…

Hello, So I'm working on this project in which I need to calibrate an XRF for multiple elements. One of the elements is potassium. I'm going to make fused beads for the calibration using the LeNeo fluxer from Claisse (it's a sample preperation method which includes heating up untill 1065oC). But there is a problem: Potassium and platina apparently react with eachother. I haven't found any literature that backs this up but multiple Phd. colleages of me said this. My question was: is there any way that i can do something about this because i really dont know what to do now. Thank you

People, Mixing in DI water Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, K Phos Monobasic, and Mg Sulfate, about 2% each. I am not sure if it is the sulfates or the phosphate that causes solution to get cloudy with ppt. Tried also to lower pH from initial 3.8 to 3 or so with dil sulfuric. Any one know what is causing the cloudiness? I still have to add KNO3 and K2SO4 in even smaller qtys but I stopped here as no need to proceed with a bad/turbid solution Tips appreciated.

Does anyone here know how to crystallize boric acid? I've been reading all sorts of stuff online and don't know what is right. Borax under HCL acid? Boric acid under sulfuric acid? Does anyone have the correct method? Thanks

hi! i have some strange by-product, intermediate, or something... i prepared inorganic complex, and it is contaminated ith something (have problems with purification), when i measure platinum NMR, i can observe signal of my product (which should be yellow), but it is yellowish and white (or white-beige). How could i determine, what is inside, beside my product? could Electrospray measurement help me (ESI-MS)? as far as i know, it can tell you if you have some desired compound structure, but what if it is a mixture? is there any technique to analise what is my product?

Fist of all, I'd like to understand why the reference electrode (RE) has to be in contact with the analyte (i.e. immerged within the solution and in contact with the latter through a fritted glass usually). Indeed, a three electrodes system is set up so that no current can pass through the RE. Charge circulation occurs through the working and counter electrodes. Isn't the RE just a constant potential cell acting as a reference potential? Why does it thus have to be in contact with the solution? Secundary question: I have read that te RE has to be placed as close as possible from de working electrode. Why is that? In advance, thanks for your answers.

Hi All, so, I'm not even a science novice lol I just have scoured Google for my answer and come up blank. I was hoping you guys could help? So I've seen the chemical process of how Aluminum Oxide is made, but little information can be found about it's activation. Fluoride is a major problem in India and activated alumina is widely used to treat their drinking water, so some info can be found from them. They reactivate it every 3 months using this method: *Mix 8 liters of clean water with 80 grams of sodium hydroxide (Lye) in a bucket, leave for 8 hours *Then Clean with 8 buckets of clean water *Mix 8 liters of clean water with 80 ml of Sulphuric Acid, leave for 8…

Would i be able to get Chloroform by bubbeling chlorine into a solution of acetone and water or would i just form chloroacetone

Hello! i will use NMR spectroscopy to determine host-guest binding, and i would like to kindly ask you, what technique is the best to perform NMR titrations!! I probably should prepare solution of guest, and add in portions cavitand into it (also as solution, in the same solvent, e.g. deuterated water)... is it reasonable to prepare mixture of guest with cavitand every time again? like preparation of host-guest, so i: take some part of solution nr 1 (guest solution, prepared for 10 trials for different ration, which volume is constant), add some part of solution nr 2 (cavitand solution, prepared for several trials, which volume changes - 0.5 eq, 1 eq, 1.5 eq with respect …