Anatomy, Physiology and Neuroscience

As I understand this: a fertilized zygote inherits one set of chromosomes from the egg cell and a second set from the sperm. However, despite the fact that the egg cell only contributes one set of chromosomes to a fertilized zygote, the egg cells in the ovaries actually have two full sets of chromosomes (diploid), and are halted in prophase I of meiosis. During ovulation and fertilization, the egg cells complete meiosis and shed three sets of chromosomes as polar bodies while retaining the one set of chromosomes that are contributed towards the zygote. The piece that has be confused is this: Egg cells are considered gametes, gametes are haploid, yet egg cells are …

Abstinence causes lifespan issues in Drosophila

Hi, all. I am the newest of newbies here. I bought my first microscope when I was 12. Now I am 70, retired after 36 years of public health microbiology, and I'm still at it. I like to rescue and study very old collections of microslides on the way to the dump. These are treasures because they are the best that have been saved by recently deceased educators, pathologist, and the like. I do absolutely no work on actual patients or generate any actual real time results. Now, My question: I have been studying a pathology slide labeled as a cross section of a villous colon polyp complete with carcinoma "in situ." Note in my attached photo that the malignancy has e…

My personal experience is that our brain is hard wired to perform certain tasks better. For example to calculate 14 x 14 our brain might take 0.5 secs and it would be just as fast as a calculator. However place an image of a man with some unique facial characteristics like thick eyebrows, squint eyes, thin moustache, long ears, maybe even cleft palate and place the image for slightly more than 0.1 secs (to eliminate the effect of persistence of vision). How many characteristics do you remember off hand? Difficult to say, but it seems that not all will be remembered at a stretch by most subjects. (taken in a statistical sample). Are images handled differently by …

What muscles are involved to sit on the edge of the bed and lie down. And then to roll onto side and push up and stand up? Thanks

http://www.urology-hub.com/sites/www.touchurology.com/files/private/articles/1343/pdf/gornish.pdf The paper above describes how BPH occurs. Basically, valves inside a vertical vein (called ISV) get damaged. There are two effects: 1) When the ISV is normal, each valve in the vein takes up a little bit of press ure. When the valves are damaged, the full pressure of the weight of the blood in the ISV is applied to the prostate gland that is at the bottom of the ISV. This local high blood pressure inside the prostate gland causes it to increase in size. 2) Due to the problem above, a hormone called FT produced by the testes, pools in the prostate instead of flowing t…

How does a skeletal muscle fibre contract, without stimulation (voltage)? i was asked to work out an experiment and have no clue. thanks!

Which is more better - hard trigger ball or soft trigger ball?

I understand that the GI Index measures how quickly a substance releases carbohydrate. Why isn't the same structure applied to foods containing protein because protein does contain the same calories as carbs per gram and they can be used as an energy source?

Recently I have come across a few sources that have stated the existence of a type III muscle fibre. The theory is that by subjecting the body to different forms of physical exercise ranging from high and low intensity cardio to high and low intensity strength training in the same workouts, you stimulate the growth of all different muscle fibres. Over time the muscle "morph" together to form a hybrid fibre which is able to sustain large amounts of work over a long duration. The background information is based on the training and demands of ancient warriors such as the Gladiators, Spartans and Vikings. The Vikings for example would have to row for days on end across rough …

I have been researching into muscular growth and the science behind it and I am unsure about the volume of sarcoplasm between different muscle fibre types. I understand that in sarcoplasmic hypertrophy (type IIA fibres) there is an increase in sarcoplasm volume and less myofilament construction. I understand that in myofibrillar hypertrophy (type IIB fibres) there is an increase in myofilament construction but little increase in sarcoplasm volume. However in muscular cardio (type I fibres) is there an increase/decrease in sarcoplasm or myofilament volume/construction. I know that there are alot of blood vessels that contain myoglobin which transport away waste materials a…

Hi all, this is my first post here. I am a layman and this question is inspired by my curiosity about music and perception thereof particularly, but encompasses more than that. First, I'd like you to recall your favourite song. You will probably "hear" the correct intervals between the notes (even if you don't get it in the right key), the approximate rhythm, and the correct octave placement of each note. You can hum it out loud, tap your feet to the rhythm, perhaps even harmonise with that imagined music. My question relates to that experience- the experience of simulating that memorised musical phrase, or perhaps embellishing it. When you do this, is it "sen…

Hello, I am curious to know what people on here think about how 3D Printing technology has been used in the field of medical science? For such a new technology, It's already been used to do some incredible things when it comes to prostechics. Take Andrew Dawood for example, who used 3D Printing to create this incredible prothesis for a man who lost part of his face to a tumor: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/9962798/How-doctors-printed-my-new-face.html Then there's Michael McAlppine, who developed the "Bionic ear" with a 3D Printer: And then there's Anthony Atala, who used 3D Printing technology to create a functioning kidney: http://www.ted.com/talks/a…

So if we implement biofeedback, neurofeedback, neurotherapy, etc. Similar like programs into elemntary schools. Teach younger people about their cortex, limbic system, brains parts and more importantley what they do, how they effect us, and how we can consciously control our subconscious. Could we hypothetically see a more cognitive adult/next generation? For instance if after ages 3-7 from much therapy on teaching children to build their own self esteem and not focus on depression, anxiety, and anger. Could we notice a different in brain activity from different areas compared to someone who never had that therapy?

Dear Experts, A stupid question- Do all blood vessels in the human body have semipermeable membranes? i.e.- do also veins have semipermeable membranes that allow penetration of small molecules ? Can someone please give me a reference for this fact ? Thanks !

A little something I like to call neuro-therapy. If from ages 2-7, if we turn elementary schools into establishments of emotional therapy. If we record brain activity in the cerebral cortex and limbic system, that we will notice a difference in at least 10 generations. Basically it would make us smarter and more cognitive by teaching people at a young age to recognize when their emotions make effects on their decision making processes negatively. The Limbic system part of the brain has more to do with anger, depression, anxiety. while the cerebral cortex is "positive" emotions like love and happiness.(to my knowledge that is and the subject is debatable.) After 10 g…

With a plethora of nooks and crannies to hide in, silver nanoparticle pollution stands to be quite a nuisance to the intellectually competitive among us. I personally can't think of a way to remove them. Do we put more nanotech into our head to go get it? Something to ponder. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases...0822194530.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosemary#Traditional_medicine "Rosemary has a very old reputation for improving memory and..." aroma of rosemary can improve our memory, true or false ? to what extent ? thanks.

Hey guys, I just read about the anatomy of the breast because I heard mention of a "breast bone"... somewhere, wanted to make sure I hadn't missed anything(I hadn't). I stumbled over something interesting though. The Suspensory ligaments(Cooper's ligaments) in the breasts looks like the culprits of a sagging breast. If one were to strengthen or stimulate these in some way, could it be prevented?. Ref: http://www.innerbody.com/image_chest1/skel17.html

Hello I would like to know 2 things > a) is there any difference between, External Oblique Muscles in Men and Women body? ( Anatomically ). b) There are exercises for External Oblique Muscles is there any difference in the way of doing them for men or women? or all do the same ? thanks in advance

why do the microtubules break apart only in the neurons to form neurofibrillary tangles ? why don't they do the same in other cells ? or do they ? . First of all , why do the microtubules break apart anyways ?

Below are articles which discusses the different results of brain changes due to sexual activity in animals: (respectively) down regulation of androgen receptors, up regulation of estrogen receptors and the release of dopamine blocking opioids. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23707935 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17239879 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11844571 How well do you think these animal subjects serve in elucidating the relationship in humans between ejaculation and brain changes? In addition, do we know what these androgen receptors and estrogen receptors in these particular brain regions do?

I am between 6'3" and 6'4".

I read in a textbook (Lauralee Sherwood from cells to systems 7th edition chapter 17) that "an increased glucose utilisation inhibits food intake". I thought that using glucose would not inhibit food intake but do the opposite. I would like to know the mechanisms involved here and i'm not really sure if this is a question of psysiology or perhaps metabolism (although this information was taken from a physiology textbook). It would be great if someone could provide the mechanisms involved or an explanation perhaps some links, thanks.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19890688 here this guy has been running a blog for 5 years trying to figure out how to grow taller, please read through as much content as possible and give me your opinions. even if you not interested in this subject. link removed