studiot

What would be most helpful would be to state plainly what measurements are needed to identify an unknow metal specimen. Ie what do you need to know to input into your 'algorithm' ?

Thank you for replying is such a prompt and friedly manner. +1 Yes these are the ones I had in mind as the basic ones that will lead to the mathematical Gas Laws as swansont mentions both as an explanation of what is going on and what the mathematical relationships are. Since you are keen, this is a good reliable site for answers to all sorts of questions, http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Kinetic/idegas.html But if you have any more questions don't hesitate to ask here. Important points for Chemists to note are that these assumptions are not exact for real gases and that some real gases are more ideal than others. However for many gases they are good enough in everyday temperatures and pressures. The inert gases (Helium, Argon, Xenon etc) are the nearest to ideal which is to be expected from assumption 3 as their molecules are monatomic. Polyatomic gases such as hydrogen, oygen and carbon dioxide are more reactive and less ideal. They are also not as 'spherical' but this assumption has less effect at everyday conditions. Another implied assumtion is that the molecules are all the same, that is we are dealing with a single gas, not a mixture.

Hello we really need more information to be able to help you. What do you mean by 'counting the assumptions' and where did that idea come from? What do you mean by every case ? What exactly are you using the kinetic theory to model ? Boyles ,Charles or Avogadros Law, the ideal gas law, or the mechanism of pressure etc. ?

Exactly so. An observer has to reckon things in his own frame. +1 He can't 'see' things at significant distance he has to calculate them, make allowance for the movements of observed events. So from the point of view of the ship frame, if the relative velocity between the ship and the departure planet is zero 1) The ship is at the departure planet and the destination planet is 2Ly away. 2) Therefore there is a point in space 1Ly that is halfway between the planets. 3) The ship rapidly accelerates to its cruising velocity and reckons the departure planet to be receeding at this velocity and the destination planet to be approaching also at this velocity. 4) The ship 'sees' the distance between itself and the departure planet growing and the distance between itself and the destination planet decreasing. So what does the ship reckon the distance is to the halfway point between the two planets ? Or have I misunderstood your scenario ?

Since you have transferred centrifugal force discussion from the Tyson thread to here, but not replied to my comments there, are you aware that D'Alembert's solution is a direct consequence of the Theorem of Virtual Work, which in turn can be deduced from Poinsot's theorem? Both have extensive use in Mechanics and other fields.

Like by the same person who offers to make you a millionaire in 4 minutes ? Let's be very clear. There are many sorts of 'injections' :- intra venus and intra muscular, intra dermal, intra occular to name but a few. Each one carries its own risks and special techniques, some are easier than others. Does your 4 step procedure cope with this. For instance what if the patient is on Clopidogrel ? On a lighter note, my wife used to teach injections. They used to practise on an orange for the manual ones.

Actually I should not have said polite. That was the wrong word, I'm sorry. I should have said sympatico or sympathetic towards others. I realised after I posted. Others have noted a genuine desire to learn which I applaud. +1

Archimedes was famous for using density to test the purity of the gold supplied to the King. Thank you so much for a much better reply in our discussion forum. Yesw I rather gathered that you were using modern computer algorithms to search a database of previously observed and tabulated values for a match when presented with a new sample. You and your team deserve full credit for the hard work to determine and tabulate such data. This of course is also true of colourimetry and spectroscopy more generally. And yes your method ranges much more widely than colourimetry. So well done.

Genady's first replies are often terse, like mine. That is because we do not want to waste time on those who are not listening. But like Marcus Hanke, his replies are usually on the money. So yes, you have the answers and so you might consider asking for the reasons more politely.

Thank you for this. How does this compare with the following 268 × 262 Does it identify the phases since there is no 'alloy' for the greater part of the ternary diagram.

What's the point of asking further questions since you have failed/refused to answer the first ones ?

Yes thanks. Hypothesised with no support other than a dodgy web report. Conditions in a diamond anvil are microscopic, although experimentsw with it have resulted in the discovery of new rock materials here on Earth. It is a good tool. So pure speculation. So what does the history of Mars have to do with desert conditions on Earth ? And in particular how did the reduction in magnetic field lead to a change in the martian atmousphere ? The atmousphere is held by gravity not magnetism. And currently at least, the martian atmousphere is greater than 95% carbon dioxide. For core comparison we have little data for mars, for Earth we have Iron 86% Hydrogen 0.06% Sulphur less than 2% How do these figures compare with the proposed iron - sulphur - hydrogen core for Mars? And what chemical reactions and composition percentages could lead to any magnetism or cessation of it ? My sources of Data are the Cambridge handbook of the Solar System, which has useful discussions of the composition of Earth's surface v Mars and the history of the martian magnetic field, which apparantly was once reversing like Earth's. and the The Cambridge Handbook of Earth Science Data.

I see you appear to use spectroscopy. Can we compare with a simple ternary system eg copper/silver/gold, where colourimetry can be employed ?

Did you not understand my post ? I note that 'Orbital Mechanics' is listed as your favourite subject. Are you aware of this textbook ?

Pure speculation. And then again it may not. We don't really understand the mechanism of Earth's magnetic field, let alone that of any other world. I don't care what other people off site may think, I am supposed to be able to read what the poster and promoter thinks without leaving this site and you are not telling me. A powerful magnetic field from chemical effects ? Pure speculation. And then again it may not. We don't really understand the mechanism of Earth's magnetic field, let alone that of any other world. I don't care what other people off site may think, I am supposed to be able to read what the poster and promoter thinks without leaving this site and you are not telling me. A powerful magnetic field from chemical effects ?

Your claim is about Earth, not anywhere else. But you need to provide a proper reasoned mechanism to substantiate such a claim, not keep throwing out short one liners. It is true that desertification is a recognised man made problem that is expanding deserts undesireably. The Texas dustbowl and pre Roamn Sahara attest to that.

How is that an answer to my question where did the water go ?

You still haven't atempted to answer my most important question. Why are you avoiding it ?

m ω2 r is an imaginary force , introduced by D'Alembert to tranform the dynamic problem using Newton's Laws Newton: F= ma is the equation to be solved into one of static equilibrium. D'Alembert ƩF = 0 is the equation to be solved. Where bold type denotes vectors in both cases.

Have you looked at the Manchester Physics series ? (now pub by Wiley) Martin and Shaw's 'Particle Physics' covers this material and they keep the book up to date quite well.

The danger with simplifying is that word 'sees'. 😀

Have you read the entire thread (which was not yours) ? The original question was not an introduction to a character aassassination. Please don't turn it into one. My answer to the original question is that I don't pay much attention to the Man so I don't care one way or the other.

Hello @Imagine Everything I suppose you are coming towards the end of your self imposed break, but that you have been keeping an eye on things here. I am pretty sure @Mordred has been doing that as well. So it is time to crack on with my little bit of maths, always trying to connect it to some simple physical use or example. I will start with numbers and functions. So what is a number ? Well consider 5, V, O they all represent the number five in english, latin and arabic respectively. I say represent because they are symbols they are not the number itself. That's good because there are (at least) four different uses for those symbols. First and oldest use they represent a count. eg a count of 5 oranges. Usually counts are whole numbers. Secondly and most commonly they represent a value. Values may be any number whole or fractional. Eg 3.14159... Why do we make this distinction ? Well you may have five and a half oranges, but a clock does not tick 5 and a half times. It ticks five times or six times. A more important distinction is that you can't do arithmetic with counting numbers. Well you can sometimes add say five oranges and three oranges to get eight oranges. But five oranges divided by 3 oranges makes no sense whatsoever. Thirdly we have numbers which denote the order of something. First, second, third, fourth and fifth etc. Once again you cannot do arithmetic with these numbers - adding first to fifth makes no sense. Fourthly they can be used as a label. This is different from the ordering or ordinal numbers which have a fixed order. For example the first runner home in a race may have the number fifty-three on his back, the second may have number one and so on. In fact in general order is not required with labelling, but may be useful as below. Now for the first three types of number it is convenient to always arrange them in the same order. It is also convenient to arrange numbers as labels in the same order as for some purposes eg the lines of latitude on a map. For the most part we use the value representation. This allows us to perform basic comparison operations on numbers. These basics operations are Equality Greater than Less than Identical to Note I have distinguished between equality and identical to for example The value of (3 times four) is equal to the value of (2 times six) but the two expressions are not identical. A mathematical expression is a meaningful combination of numbers and symbols. These comparisons lead us naturally on to 'functions' , constants, variables and proportionality. Over the last few nights the minimum temperature outside my house has been 8o 6o 5o 4o I will stop there for tonight. You will be glad to learn that I am not intending to go through all the different classes of number like positive, negative, real, imaginary, odd, even as there are a great many. However in passing I will observe that there are many pairings of these types.

I preferred your previous statement. Points are not absolute. The distance between two points in a given inertial frame . But these are not necessarily the same two points in a different frame, whatever that means. I know it's difficult to spell out in a few words.

This may also be more to MigL's liking. +1