swansont

Referring to the electron, muon and tau neutrinos.

Thermodynamics addresses this. Heat is not simply a form of kinetic energy You have to realize that heat transfer covers more than heat engines. You can have heat transfer under a number if different situations; whatever analysis you do has to work in general - not just for the one situation. If you’re extracting all of the heat being supplied into work, why does the engine not run without the cold reservoir? Why does the heat supplied increase as you drop the cold reservoir temperature? Have ever actually measured the heat supplied and the work done? You persist in this strawman. Nobody today is claiming that heat is a substance that moves around - that was abandoned long ago. The heat flow is not due to that atoms moving anywhere. It’s the energy that moves around. One can look at a system where there is no liquid or gas, so there should be no temptation to appeal to that notion. Two solid blocks at different temperatures. The can touch and the temperatures will equalize from conduction, or even if not touching, they will radiate, even in a vacuum. No gas molecules. No flow to invoke. And there isn’t, so why do you keep beating this dead horse? Energy is transferred. Heat is the transfer of energy. That’s what is “flowing”

Personal theories must be backed up with evidence and you should expect to be challenged. “hostile agenda” has to be more than your say-so There isn’t one; it was not directed at an individual.

It could be real danger, though the risk level may be inflated because the child understands risk even worse than adults do. If you are e.g. afraid of heights because you fell out of a tree as a kid and broke your arm, I’d consider that to be natural. I would consider unnatural danger to be purely mental, instilled by people conditioning you. If you’re afraid of heights because somebody convinced you that you’ll fall and break your neck I’d agree that’s probably irrational.

Who said heat is not passing through to the ice? Certainly not me. That’s the only variable that changed. And work increased from zero to some nonzero value, so there is no arguing about the increase in efficiency There is more heat flow. Fourier’s law of conduction, Stefan-Boltzmann law for radiation and the equation for convective heat transfer all depend on temperature differences. Though it’s interesting you continue to describe this in terms of fluid behavior.

What if you were traumatized by something as a child? You might harbor an irrational fear, and it would be of an organic orgin.

! Moderator Note The subject needs to be discussed without such personal conjecture

That’s not what he says. He says that neutrino mass is the combination of 3 masses - the electron, muon and tau neutrino masses. He does not say type of mass or kind of mass.

I recall trying to run my stirling engine on a hot day. I put it on a mug of hot water and it would barely run - too much friction. When I put ice cubes on the top plate, it ran pretty well. Since the source of heat was the same, the only way this could be the case is if I was converting more heat to work - the efficiency increased.

Yes. So why do you keep bringing it up? Nobody else has used caloric in their explanations. The thing is, while caloric was abandoned, the thermodynamic principles it attempted to explain are still there. Heat is transferred. Some of it can be converted to work. It just isn’t because of caloric moving about. Yes, I just explained that. Physicists do idealized systems all the time when discussing theory. Why? There is no real engine that follows the Carnot cycle. You just agreed to that. Fill up with heat? I would think someone railing against caloric theory would avoid treating heat as a substance.

They don’t fission to form the same isotopes. The shell model explains why the fission yield curve has two peaks

And the Carnot cycle is unachievable. It’s an idealized case, like frictionless surfaces and elastic collisions in classical mechanics. The Carnot cycle assumes reversible processes, which don’t physically happen. It’s like calculating the maximum speed of a dropped object by ignoring air resistance. Similar to what studiot said, these idealized analyses apply to imaginary situations.

What are we looking at? What is the magnification?

Like in the Hafele-Keating experiment? I’d say there was a point in doing that.

I saw a twitter thread that showed a case where the AI just fabricated the sources, presumably using the most common terms and most-cited authors, because that’s how the algorithm works.

! Moderator Note Material for discussion is supposed to be posted here But uranium fission does produce variable daughter nuclei

“Centripetal force is towards Earth on the sunny side (and if I'm correct cancels the force from the Sun exactly), while centripetal force is away from Earth on the dark side” (emphasis added) Seemed obvious to me. YMMV

! Moderator Note Material for discussion must be posted, per forum rules

I was using the reference frame that Willem described. Which seems reasonable in answering a question they posed (and which doesn’t raise an issue of shielding gravity)

! Moderator Note This is a discussion board for science, not semantics. This would be a discussion of whether “non-mathematical” means absence of math, or having elements that are not mathematical. Surely one can introduce a topic that is less trivial.

A scale that compared gravitational attraction, e.g. balance scales, yes. But e.g. a spring scale measures the normal force, which would vary with the acceleration. Not that we necessarily have devices sensitive enough. In the earth reference frame it does. Toward the center vs away from the center.

China has been pushing against a rising population for almost 50 years with its one child policy. Russia I’d believe, wanting a bigger army, because of a long tradition of using their soldiers as cannon fodder. But you need a decent economy to outfit a modern army, and a bigger population doesn’t automatically mean a better economy. Look at India (to some extent) and its neighbors.

What about countries where there is no right to vote? That’s one possible cause, but another is increased lifespan from medical advances.

Why is it irreversible? What level is “not enough”?

You misunderstand the analogy. The heat flow is analogous to the energy being converted from potential energy and extracting work. Your focus on water being a fluid is misplaced. It’s the energy of the fluid, not the fluid itself. The potential energy is reduced. Nothing has to happen to the water.