swansont

A single quantum object can have its spin aligned without radiation because it was in a superposition. What you’re doing us collapsing the wave function. The macroscopic object is not a quantum particle if its magnetic moment is not due to its intrinsic angular momentum.

! Moderator Note We’re a discussion site, not your blog. Was there something you wish to discuss?

! Moderator Note Yes. If you keep insisting a claim is correct without evidence or considering the mainstream physics that’s offered up in rebuttal, we eventually get tired of it. There’s no point in discussion if all that happens is we go over the same ground. Claims contrary to accepted physics must be supported by evidence. Repeating a claim is not evidence. Misunderstanding physics is not evidence of the physics being wrong, either

The graph you posted only goes out to 3 microns, so no, it didn’t show the peak at 15 microns (or the ones near 10 microns) When you said “As you can see at normal temperatures nearly all the absorbable IR energy is of way too long a wavelength.” it’s because you weren’t showing the right ones. But there isn’t much light there. There’s a lot more light emitted from the earth out at 10-15 microns. The absorption peaks there aren’t quite as tall (but not 2-3 orders of magnitude), but they are a lot wider. Were you looking at the ~1.5 micron features? Your statements make a lot more sense for that, but that’s not the absorption that’s important.

You haven’t clearly confirmed that you agree that they travel a longer distance. It’s a photon. It doesn’t have to be from a laser. But yes, I believe a laser will do this, because the lasers I had in my lab stayed aligned despite the rotation of the earth. If you observed the light path from the appropriate vantage point, it would be “slanted” (the target moves, and the laser still hits the target) The direction you observe depends on your frame of reference. The light hits the mirror, so how can the light not be going along the slanted path, when observed from the lab frame? Just like the ball in the moving cart - it can’t drop back into the cart unless it’s traveling along a parabolic path. We know the impulse it gets is straight up.

There’s a wide absorption peak out near 15 microns. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Carbon-Dioxide-CO2-absorption-coefficient_fig1_339314455 Blackbody at 293 K peaks at ~ 10 microns https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Normalised-black-body-spectral-emissive-power-at-room-temperature-293-K-used-in-the_fig2_334140221

! Moderator Note Further, you posted something similar before and the thread was closed. You don't get to dump it on us again

Light definitely has a velocity (we can measure the propagation time over some distance) and can impart an impulse since it has momentum. So saying no force is involved is incorrect.

There are a number of videos that show if you toss a ball vertically on a moving platform, it comes back down to the point of origin on the cart. such as So insisting that the ball would come straight down when the cart is moving is a non-starter; we can see that the ball doesn’t do this. The ball travels a greater distance in the lab frame than in the cart’s frame. The wrinkle for the light clock is the restriction that the speed of light is the same in both frames. d = ct. Since d is greater and c is the same, t must be greater

There’s an experiment that’s detected the radiation you propose?

I’m not agreeing. Are you agreeing that the path lengths are different?

So…not femtoseconds.

The speed along the vertical axis is the same in both frames. The analogy is meant to show the difference in path that you are denying.

Another method us to use light (from a flash lamp or LEDs) to excite atoms from the ground state (0) to some state (3), which then decays to another state (2), which then has a population inversion with respect to a lower state (1) E3>E2>E1>E0 incoming light has energy E3-E0, laser transition has energy E2-E1 The transition from 3 to 2 can be non-radiative The transition from 1 to 0 (or some other intermediate state) is usually strong, so the in little population in 1, allowing N2>N1, which is what an inversion is (N is the population of the state)

The engine’s energy source is the hot reservoir. How you get it to be hot is not included in the analysis. The hot reservoir heats up the gas. That’s the QH. The gas heats up the cold reservoir. Qc

No. We can all agree on the speed. Your error was in the duration A better analogy would be tossing/dropping a ball while on a train. To someone on the train it goes straight down. To someone on the ground, it does not.

It’s an energy analysis, not a force analysis. You can do this in mechanics, too. You use the tools that get you to the answer. An object falls; you can say it’s because of a force, but also say it’s because things go to their lowest potential energy. Heat is the flow of energy. No, it doesn’t. QH is not equal to Qc Nobody is claiming it’s an outside force. The gas at the end is colder than the gas before the piston moves. The cold reservoir heats up. If you disagree, then where does the energy come from that appears as mechanical work? All of it has been removed? The gas is at absolute zero?

The neutrons would have to be from fission, which isn’t happening very often, and there isn’t much heavy water.

I’m not sure how tritium would be formed from fuel rods in a cooling pool. I think the concern would be damage to the control rods and contamination by fission products.

Why is this the expected amount? Citation? Looks to me like it’s just over 100 ppm https://www.co2levels.org Citation? My understanding is that it’s a logarithmic dependence, and you get a certain increase for each doubling of concentration. Can you explain why you think this is a valid test?

No, they aren’t. They tend to be in the ground state. And you can’t use photons of the laser’s wavelength to get the excess atoms in the excited state (the population inversion), because of the stimulated emission. So you have to use some other method. In a HeNe laser, an electric discharge excites the He, and collisions with Ne causes Ne excitations. You have more atoms in an excited state than a lower state, so stimulated emission can give you amplification. In diode lasers, there is an electronic excitation of the electrons to a higher band.

The photon isn’t consumed. It induces another photon to be emitted from an excited atom or molecule. That’s the stimulated emission, and the cause of the amplification. One photon in, two photons out.

You’re mixing frames. The up/down cycle is 1 sec in the clock frame (t), but you can’t use 1 sec in the lab frame (t’) to say it moves 0.866 m, since t ≠ t’ It travels a distance L = vt’ The light travels ct’ For a half cycle, solve with the Pythagorean theorem. vt’^2 + d^2 = ct’^2 t’ = d/(sqrt(c^2-v^2) d=0.5m For v =0.866c, you get 1 sec for the half-cycle and thus 2 sec for the complete trip. Exactly as expected You can see the derivation here. https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-physics---intermediate/section/22.2/

! Moderator Note What is the connection between old technology and landing on the moon? And why is this posted in politics?

My point is this: If the reservoirs are at 20 C and 100 C, tell me from that information alone how many watts of mechanical power are being extracted. You suggested that you could.