StringJunky

If a plant species various phenotypes don't survive long enough to reproduce in a given environment, it becomes extinct in that area. The selection is by elimination.

😎

Seth. A visual, I thought a narrow pipe in the airhole might be beneficial in preventing overspill and something to grab hold of when inserting or removing the barrier.

Could an impermeable, solid, floating barrier fit to size on the surface in the container be an effective cut-off device?

Might be helpful: https://cleanfoodliving.net/kahm-yeast-what-is-it-is-it-harmful/

Are you using some live and fermenting juice from a previous session to inoculate and initiate fermentation in a new batch, or letting it start itself? Water kefir grains have a wide diversity of micros in to make a starter from the beginning. The other thing that comes to mind with the CO2, could you use a small straight sided container with a brewer's airlock fitted in the lid to let it blanket the surface and cut the air off?

He unilaterally joined us into what became the European union as well.

What screwed up the politics in the UK eventually was the unions became too political and tried to strong arm Labour even further left. Thinking of Scargill and Derek Hatton.

Yes, apparently, it's very important. Uropygial gland is the source of the preen oil. It seems the uv conversion of 7DHC is the same in humans, but the byproduct is absorbed through the skin.

It is most apt. I will steal it.

Thanks for the replies. According to a FB reptile group, who tested meters at all price ranges, the sensor and filter restricts how low the price can go, and that seems to be the Solar Meter 6.5, as Charon mentioned, at about £200. Given that overexposure can cause real harm, that would seem to be the minimum. It is possible to just use the distance recommended by the bulb maker for each type and and species, but my birds aren't captive, being free flying in the house in the day. Usually, you would set the bulb above the cage and run the bulb to give a set daily dose to the caged birds. My intention is to make a perching area outside the cages with a mix of daylight and uv tubes above the perch (mine are 2ft T5's). The UV light will be on for a sufficient period that they need, depending on how often/how long they sit on that perch. The daylight bulbs will stay on continuously in the day. I need the meter to get an idea of the dosage at given distances because of their free movement and potential proximity to the light. Picture a uv tube in between one or two daylight tubes hanging above the perch on top of a cage with a simple wood frame for the lights to hang together. I have 6 budgies.

It has a gland near its backend that produces preen oil, which they spread over their feathers when grooming. UVB activates precursors in that to vitamin D. The bird preens itself again, ingesting the vitamin. Correction to above: UVB converts 7DHC in the preen oil to pre-vitamin D, the bird ingests that and the liver converts that to active D3.

Thanks. That's the make I've come across as well and seems to be popular with the reptile crowd. It's about what I expect to pay but was hoping for cheaper. Given the energetic nature of uv, I don't want to take any chances. Just have to suck it it up, I guess.

I'm looking for a UVB meter/test within the normal index range that is reliable enough to measure and set up my avian UV lamps for my budgies. Can anybody give me tips what to look for, makes etc.

Try going in browser view and follow this path: Notifications tab (bell icon)/Notification Settings/Mentions and My Content. I'm on a laptop.

You reproduce the experiment and see if the results tally. The more people that perform the experiment with concurring results, the greater the communal confidence in the outcome that this is how nature behaves. If it reaches a sufficient level of expert consensus it becomes accepted as part o the scientific corpus and is called a 'Theory'. This is scientific method 101.

And they deliver it with absolute confidence.

Why even think about a reality outside of what we can know because it is absolutely unknowable, Models describe parts of the behaviour of nature, which in itself is one seamless whole.

Har har. You're the one being a 504.

I can't remember how to write 1, 1000, 51, 6 and 500 in roman numerals.. IM LIVID

I can go with that. Basically, in the absence of anything there is no space. Something has to exist in order for space to also exist. In the same sense that if there is no object to measure it's dimensions, then length doesn't.

The moment of nuclear decay is not deterministic. Heisenberg is inherently probabilistic. Cosmological and biological evolution being a mix of probability and determinism. More simply, we can determine how two particles interact, as determined by their fixed properties, but we can't say when it will happen, due to the stochastic nature of collisions. Reality is a mix of both.