TheVat

Indeed. I trust it will be understood my list was somewhat tongue-in-cheek and that I would not squander the Holy Hand Grenade of "FM" on mere fools.

I think you've nailed it, so far as UK and USA are concerned. The privatization mantra that got such momentum in the Reagan/Thatcher era has proven to not work with penal systems. In America, especially, law and order has been too much equated with "defense of property and goods" and less with people, especially the most vulnerable who are most in need of protection and help.

Just a quick thanks to Charon for so clearly explaining RO and herd immunity... and to INow for revealing to me that one can write "fucking moron" at this website. That's definitely going to free me up a bit when discussing anti-vax, social media, political factions, theocrats, "scientists" at the Heartland Institute, climate denial, Q-Anon, the MyPillow man, and all who misuse the word "literally. " Cheers.

Originally, there was only one wavelength, a boring shade of green that everyone got tired of. So a team at MIT found a way for things to emit different wavelengths and reduce what had become near-suicidal levels of boredom. Many wept when orange was first unveiled, anticipating how it would be abused in carpet coloring. Seriously, it relates to energy. Some of the energy in the emitter is converted from, say, the kinetic energy of its atoms, to light. An electron "orbiting" one of the atoms at a high energy level plummets to a much lower energy state and a photon of light is emitted. Due to the big drop in the electron's energy state, that photon carries off a lot of energy, which is expressed as a higher frequency and a shorter wavelength. If the electron had only been a little bit excited, and then had a lesser drop in energy state, then the resulting photon would be less energetic, and you'd have lower frequency and longer wavelength. One way to think of it is as jiggling a length of rope. Vigorous jiggling (high energy) gives you lots of waves closely spaced, while listless shaking might just give a couple waves along a given length.

Hehe. The only natural UV readily available would be found by hanging your laundry on a clothesline outside (this works better where I live, in the semi-arid American West, than, say, Inverness, Scotland). As others have pointed out, sterilizing things is not a good idea unless you happen to be performing surgery. There is, in fact, mounting evidence that shielding young developing immune systems by well-meaning "helicopter parents" can contribute to lifelong health problems from a poorly-developed immune system. My childhood, back in the sixties, was a bacterial festival of unwashed hands, eating stuff you'd dropped on the ground, picking up pebbles and sucking on them, kissing dogs (cats aren't into that quite so much), drinking unpasteurized milk at cousin's farm, drinking unprocessed well water, flinging rabbit "pellets" and other scat at one's playmates.....I could go on, but somewhere medical workers are swooning, so I'll stop. Did I mention cat poop and toxoplasmosis spores? I'll leave that for another day.... Anyway, the upshot is that I get slightly sick about once a decade, if that. Filth is good for you. (in moderation, of course)

https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/about/nea_resource.html I think the market speculations about metals, and "asteroid trillionaires" are all pretty questionable, given what happens when something rare suddenly becomes plentiful. More rare earths would sure be handy, though. If we're going to build lots of wind turbines in a shift to renewables, a neodymium rich asteroid would be saving us from a supply bottleneck.

IIRC, the gas giants are metal-poor, anyway. The rocky planets, and asteroids, are better sources of metal. Asteroids are ideal, with plenty of metal, and low-impulse required for hoisting out of their microgravity. For a beginner to the topic, I think Neil DeGrasse Tyson has an intro to asteroid mining somewhere in his blogs that's clearly written.

This is how I've experienced meditation, too. Thoughts, feelings, rise up like bubbles from deeper in the mind. You become more observant of where they're rising from. Good point about not fighting thoughts. For some, that takes a kind of courage, especially if they've developed a sense of identity that depends on "mastering" thoughts judged to be bad.

It's time to sue your school district.

A more humane Mikado never Did in Japan exist, To nobody second, I'm certainly reckoned A true philanthropist. It is my very humane endeavour To make, to some extent, Each evil liver A running river Of harmless merriment. My object all sublime I shall achieve in time — To let the punishment fit the crime — The punishment fit the crime; And make each prisoner pent Unwillingly represent A source of innocent merriment! Of innocent merriment!

I hope this is taken as constructive criticism: this bold, unsupported and implausible assertion caused me to stop reading your posts. At a science forum, this kind of assertion undercuts any credibility one might be trying to establish.

Several disorders are associated with what's clinically called "racing thoughts, " those such as anxiety, bipolar disorder, ADHD, and OCD. It's important to understand that these conditions are identified and addressed through FTF contact with a MH professional, and not through chatting on the web. Though I have some experience in the field, it was mainly in making referrals. If you consult with a pro, and it's determined not to rise to the level of a disorder, e. g. it's just scattered thoughts like most of us have FTtT, then I'm sure many of us can suggest meditative techniques to help focus.

And I thought my jokes were nerdy. I bow to the Master.

Silence of the lambda may be over, and researchers in Tokyo are asking the WHO to label it a variant of concern.... https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/view/more-data-point-to-lambda-variant-s-potential-lethality

I can remember when climatologists in the early eighties were pushing the notion that scientists must share only conservative projections with media and never appear alarmist. And that ethos held sway for a long time. Now I have to wonder if a little more alarm would have been such a bad idea.

That ice seems very happy to see us. nudge nudge wink wink Looks like a fairly straightforward situation of ice floating on a rising column of water.

If you can give us your location, someone will contact law enforcement and a rescue will be effected. Can you tell if your captor, who bound you to the chair and put in the cervical restraint and eyelid clamps that forced you to read the thread, has you in a fortified underground bunker? This may affect your waiting time.

My guess is that when it starts ignoring its programming, we will consider it more probable that it's aware. But we'll never be sure. It will always be a leap of faith, likely built on its doing something that we relate to as something a living thing does.

Found your reply. Still not used to the superlong reply-to-multiple-posts format in the software fgmenthere. I was going with the concept of "intentional" infliction of pain in the UN definition of torture. Prisons can be many unpleasant things without someone getting up in the morning intending to inflict pain on their charges. There is suffering inherent in a f-d up penal system that's not intentional, but more the result of neglect, costcutting, and just tossing the mentally ill in with hardened sociopaths. My sense of these kinds of chats is that we need to use a generally agreed-upon definition of torture. Many things are horrible, but are not torture. For some, those things can feel like torment, though. And some prison guards do engage in torture, when the authority figure isn't looking or deliberately averting the eyes. Locking human beings up in cages has a way of bringing out the worst in everyone.

In English, a slang term for this is "pecking order"(which comes from avian species). These develop when there is competition for resources and mating opportunities. Based on my own learning in animal behavior, I would suggest doing a search on a particular species -- baboons are good -- and dominance hierarchy. Wolves are another species where a lot of study has been done. Mammalian dominance hierarchies share many general features in common.

Many prisons have cruel and dehumanizing and demeaning conditions without it rising to the level of torture. Those conditions should be fixed, too. Norwegians always seem so enlightened. Scandinavian societies, in ancient times, had a strong tradition of sexual equality and sharing of power, which probably got them off to a good start. Still think the answer to the OP is two words: Absolutely not!

FtR, somewhere near the border of Wyoming and South Dakota, it got a belly laugh. (lots of smoke drifting in here, so the laughing dislodges some of the PM 2.5 lining our respiratory tracts) What’s Michael Jackson’s favourite thing to do on guitar? Fingering A minor.

Todak, I think @dimreepr means that when AI shows desires and motivations, as living creatures do, then we would more likely infer some type of conscious agency. I myself am unsure. A self-preservation algorithm can be completely programmed, and implemented without any actual awareness or desire to keep living. The steam heat system in my aunt's house works to maintain a certain equilibrium so that it doesn't break, but few believe it's conscious. I am more likely to infer consciousness when an entity, to survive, reveals an ability to improvise novel methods of protection. Perhaps that makes me an intelligence chauvinist. With some theories, like Tononi's, it's all a gradual continuum of awareness, with even single ants and flatworms having a dim awareness, and qualia. Epistemically, I believe we are forever blocked from knowing what it's like to be an ant. Consciousness is a process that is only known, experientially, from the inside. That's just how it is. To say that is almost tautological.

Thanks for defining your term - my joy at that too-often skipped part of discourse is a little dampened, though, at what seems like some pretty unkind implications. Not sure a discussion is well served by choosing a term that's so entirely pejorative. I know people who fight for social justice, and do have conviction, sound arguments, and often take on some personal risk... so I'm not too concerned if they pick up some personal validation along the march. If SJW is to become so utterly ironic, then maybe "humanitarian reformer" is better.

Seems at least two misunderstood my post, so let me clarify I was not conflating discourse here with the great works aforementioned. I was simply pushing back (bit of a digression, perhaps) on the pejorative usage of SJW. It was a point about language, not about this debate here.