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Approaching 0.042% - Keep in mind that there is ~10 - 15km of atmosphere before outward travelling IR escapes to space - plenty of opportunity for such concentrations of CO2 to absorb IR (to re-radiate in all directions, ie as much down as up... almost the textbook definition of Greenhouse Effect) and enough to prevent most IR from the ground getting to space in one go, even before concentrations were raised. "Only" 0.04% is a very misleading description; very small relative to what? The earliest calculation of the greenhouse effect from lowered and raised CO2, by Svante Arrhenius was in the 1890's, following on from prior work of others that reconciled known incoming solar energy with global average temperatures much higher than could be explained in an absence of greenhouse effect; it is highly significant, even at lower concentrations than 0.04%. And even if CO2 greenhouse contribution to the total GHE is not the largest - 2nd after water vapor - it is what we are changing by fossil fuel burning. With (as previously mentioned) water vapor concentrations changing in response to the warming from other GHG's and amplifying the effect.

According to this source there are both magnetic and non-magnetic grades of stainless steel and the magnetic grades have poorer corrosion resistance: https://www.eclipsemagnetics.com/resources/are-all-stainless-steels-magnetic/

Well this is why im glad we have access to this kind of forum because we can gather great minds from all over the world to give their own unique input.

Neither. I would argue the honor goes to Physicist Robert Noyce who pioneered the monolithic silicon integrated circuit in 1959. He founded Fairchild Semiconductor, and along with Gordon Moore, founded Intel. Robert Noyce - Wikipedia Honorable mention should also go to Jack Kilby, electrical engineer, developer of the first hybrid germanium IC at Texas Instruments in the late 50s ( and Nobel Prize for Physics in 2000 ). They are arguably the fathers of modern computing, as we know it.

We didn't mean to force your hand!! For the love of God, please don't criticize the theoretical physics community.

A theoretical treatise in modern physics would be mathematical. What this reads as; "I've made some stuff up and want someone to do all the hard work".