Microbiology and Immunology

With our ethnics regarding sex eroding with time, how far are we from a world where HIV becomes so rampant that it has infected at least 50% to 75% of the world? And what kind of conditions will allow this to happen and how will life be like in such a society before, during and after the pandemic?

I have this homework assignment and I can't figure out the answer to 2 of the questions. I've read all the chapters and still am lost. Could someone please guide me or give me an idea of what the answer is? 1. Describe the elements of humoral and cellular immunity that are involved in immune responses to viral infections. 2. What mechanisms have infectious agents evolved to defeat these elements? Thank you in advance, May

hello all,i am just wondering how our immune system doesnt trigger any immune reaction against all the other components of the blood and just considering the ABO system and Rh system compatibility between the donnor and the recipient,however in the blood there are WBCs with different HLA than the reciepient. another question why sperm are not considered as foreign organism once they enter the female body?

Hi! I'm new to these forums and thought I would try my luck with a question. I'm a student trying to design an experiment. I have a large complex that I suspect induces a T-independent immune response. I want to induce B-cells in vitro that respond to this antigen. How would I go about setting up this experiment? Thanks so very much to the kind person who can help me out

I am Graduate student from India and I want to do Research projects in Immunology,please anybody guide me.

Does anyone know what "anti-epithelial auto-antibodies" are?! I know that auto-antibodies are antibodies directed against self antigens. Its the anti-epitehial part that i'm abit lost on! Does it just mean what it says, that they are against epithelial cells?! I'm really not sure! Elle All comments and help is appriciated!!

This is not news but I would love for someone to update it. Apparently blood from crocdilians is highly effective, as an antibiotic, against fighting bacteria. It also seems pretty effective at fighting HIV (which antibiotics cannot destroy). In fact crocodile blood extract may be excellent at treating MRSA(methicillin resistant Staphylcoccus aureus) which have annoying resistance to a number of different antibiotics in hospitals. http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/32069/newsDate/17-Aug-2005/story.htm http://www.boingboing.net/2008/04/16/alligator-blood-anti.html

Hello, I'm Elle and i'm new to this site! I'm currently doing some research on respiratory diseases. I was wondering would anyone be able to give me some advice on what a "checkerboard titration is exactly" and how I would go about doing one with relation to a conjugate antibody?! I've been looking everywhere and don't seem to be finding much! From what I have found, I think a checkboard titration is used to find the optium concentration of the reagent, but i'm still not entirely sure what all it involves from a practical point of view! Elle

Does anyone know one or two good sites where I can find some interesting articles over Microbiology? I've been looking on the internet....and many of the juicy, interesting ones I want to read about, I can't even get into. Or it just lets me read a short abstract of it.

Do all living organisms have some form of an immune system? I was thinking that the cell membrane itself, may represent the most primitive form of an immune system. Comments?

I have this homework assignment and I can't figure out the answer to 2 of the questions. I've read all the chapters and still am lost. Could someone please guide me or give me an idea of what the answer is? 1. A mouse is immunized with bovine serum albumin. Describe what happens in peripheral lymph nodes after a first and second injection of antigen. 2. What are the steps involved in forming an Ig gene that will encode a complete immunoglobulin molecule? Thanks in advance- May

While making my Biology Seminar about Stem Cells, I've found something very interesting about the differentiation of stem cells in T-Cells, which could mean a new treatment to the immune system of people with HIV virus. I thought it very interesting, as you can check on those articles below: Embryonic stem cells make human T cellsHeather E. Fleming, and David T. Scadden http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/103/33/12213 From the Cover: T lineage differentiation from human embryonic stem cells Zoran Galic, Scott G. Kitchen, Amelia Kacena, Aparna Subramanian, Bryan Burke, Ruth Cortado, and Jerome A. Zack http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/103/31/11742 …

hiii sir, i am anandkumar doing my M.Sc in agricultural microbiology in TNAU, INDIA.now its time to start my research work.my guide chooses the topic about biodissolution of zinc and potash.in this area how i can work in the yourview.please reply and help me for my research work.....any other area also give a idea...............sirs. thank you, by, anandan

I'm a history student, but I like science and make an effort to maintain a well-rounded education. Tonight while reading on mutation in Richard Leakey's introduction to The Origin of Species, I wondered to myself how viruses like the influenza virus mutate to become resistant or immune to our vaccinations and so on. I made a few web searches, but turned up nothing useful. The only thing I found was this: Could someone elaborate?

What kind of organism currently have the best immune system? human??

Do antigen-binding molecules with weak affinity exist and well-studied? Weak antibodies, weak receptors? Where I can read about them?

Does the existence of nanobacteria is established? Do their role in some deseases already proved? Thanks.

What is the best microscope to get for around $250 bucks and around 400X to 1000X, also I found Konus microscope and wanted to know the quality(metal screws, metal outside, lenses, smooth tuning, go resolution)??? Website: http://www.konususa.com/ http://www.opticsplanet.net/konus-microscopes.html

Hello, I am looking forward to buying a microscope, still have not made any decisions, does anybody know aobut the Labo AXL compound microscope? Is Labo a good quality brand?

Anybody know about Microbiology students forum is there?

Why is it so deadly. What vital organs does it attack. I want to know! Thanks ---Diego

Hi all, I think I have heard that the number of microbial cells (from other species) in humans actually outnumbers human cells....is this true? To elaborate, can someone say what type of organisms these mainly are, and total number of cells and/or percentage of the human body they make up? thanks for any information!

Hey there. I am currently a sophomore in High School and I was wondering what classes I can take now to better prepare myself in becoming a Virologist (I am mostly interested in viral pathogenesis). Thanks for helping!

Hi, I need some help identifying an unknown. I have a gram - bacillus associated in chains. It is a lactose fermentor and non-motile. It is negative indole + methyl red, - vogues proskaur, + urea hydrolysis and utilizes citrate. Any ideas and thoughts. I cannot do anymore tests on this culture. These tests are my limit. Also, Does anyone know how Staph. epidermidis is supposed to react to methyl red test? And is it VP positive? Thanks everyone in advance

Can anyone tell me how the Donor strand exchange works in Chaperone-Subunit-Usher interactions? The papers I've read on it are little wordy and above my head. I appreciate it. This is for my research project, by the way, not homework or anything like that.