Genetics

Hello, I have some problems with understanding of the gene expression in respect of different alleles and homologous chromosomes. We have 23 pairs of chromosomes. One chromosome in a pair comes from mother, another from father. Those two chromosomes which form a pair are similar in respect of the genes. So, gene A is on the chromosome from mother and the same gene is on chromosome from father. The difference is in alleles, a number of alternative forms of the same gene or same genetic locus. There can be lots of alleles of one gene but one individual can carry at most two alleles of one gene. ​If there is a mutation on mother's chromosome, the healthy allele from father…

First, some background info: I was born with pre-axial polydactyly. Not a severe case, but basically I had a growth hanging off of my left thumb when I was born. It was removed very soon after, and so I've had a charismatically crooked thumb throughout my 20 years of existence, which is going to be "fixed" surgically in about a month. It has never given me much trouble. At least none worth mentioning. From what I've gathered, I am the only person in my family to ever have been born with an extra digit, at least as far as I know, so it is not a family trait that's been passed down to me. My two siblings do not have it. Neither do my parents, or my grandparents. Just …

I understand that one can translate a nucleotide sequence and run PSI-BLAST on the protein (proteins if you take the 6 reading frames), but I'm looking for distant homology for bacterial small RNAs (typically 50-200 nucleotides long and noncoding). If there is no such resource, what are the main obstacles to this implementation?

By analyzing DNA from petrous bones of ancient Europeans, scientists have identified these peoples remained intolerant to lactose (natural sugar in the milk of mammals) for 5,000 years after they adopted agricultural practices. The scientific team examined nuclear ancient DNA extracted from thirteen individuals from burials from archaeological sites in the Great Hungarian Plain. The skeletons sampled date from 5,700 BC (Early Neolithic) to 800 BC (Iron Age). http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141021125935.htm

I'm in the outlining stages of a novel whose plot centers around a fictional virus with some specific features. I'm looking for advice on whether my idea is in the realm of possibility, as well as any caveats or tidbits that will help to give my creation some additional flavor. I am open to any suggestions for changes that would increase the scientific accuracy of my idea. The central premise is that the virus' symptoms and virulence in men and women are very different. When the virus infects men, it it highly virulent, with symptoms similar to hemorrhagic smallpox. It is airborne and highly infectious. In women, the virus infects cells and replicates but results in o…

Hi Exploring the concept that leadership is genetically governed more so than phenotype influenced and running into the concept of heritability which, and pleased correct me if I'm wrong, asks how much genetics plays a role in the differences of makeup , both genotype & phenotype traits. I'm encountering the phenomena of additive and non-additive heritability and I'm slowing drifting into the abyss trying to understand exactly what these mean. Can anyone shed some light? Thanks in Advance

hello all, i am currently studying the area of genetic manipulation in fungus and bacteria. my goal is to discover various traits and apply them to other organisms at differing times in the life cycle. i know that some of the techniques will have to be sent off to a lab, but i want a basic setup for this kind of work. what i am looking for in this thread is firsthand knowledge of the equipment or some kind of experience that can help me decide how to best set up shop. this is just for personal knowledge, but i may write a paper about my results for fun. any information would be helpful guys.

Hi all, my son looks a lot like my brother. It is uncanny! My brother, unfortunately, has struggled with opiate addiction for about ten years. Does the fact that my son shares a great number of physical traits with his uncle mean that he is more strongly predisposed to addiction than, for example, my daughter? Than the average person?

I will be attending college soon and I just figured out my passion.I know what I want to study but I'm unsure of the exact specific area I want to study.My Junior College offers everything that falls under GeneticEngineering I am interested in genetic engineering. I would like to learn about manipulating DNA and engineering existing DNA. Cloning is also interesting. What degree would best suit me to pursue?Would a genetics degree teach me the most about genetic engineering?

Hi all, I would greatly appreciate any help with constructing a restriction map from Southern Hybridisation data. I can construct restriction maps from fragment data obtained through endonuclease digestion and separation by standard gel electrophoresis, however, Southern Blot data only shows those fragments that a probe has hybridised to and I am struggling to find the correct approach. The parting words from lecturer were 'It's just a matter of logic, consider that fragments may overlap'. The question is as follows: Genomic DNA was digested and run on a gel. The gel was blotted and used for Southern hybridisation. The probe was a 2.4 kb XhoI fragment. Using the souther…

So some context, I haven't taken genetics. However, in a class the other day a professor tried to differentiate the two and left me pretty confused. From my understanding, increased gene expression will result in an increase in the protein product that a gene is coding for. Meaning that if you increased expression of a gene that codes for an enzyme, it would result in upregulation of that enzyme. ^What's wrong with my thinking on this? If you want specifics, the discussion was on serum cholesterol and what physiologic effects it would have. The professor (to the best of my understanding) was explaining that low serum cholesterol would result in increased LDL-Recepto…

If I feed them with bannanas in one bag and apple's in another. And my friends from Holland joined this experiment, he feeds his with canni leafs. What will happen to strong bond alkaloids inside worm? And what if I feed them worms to ill in a fish-tanks. How it will change the molecule? And what if I bake this ills later and roll them in to sushi and eat it. Would they get me high? Where molecule goes next pee or poo? All wrong, extracting from ill poo not a good idea !

When a virus infects a cell it undergoes recombination with cell genome. I understand how recombination happens. So in the process, is a gene from virus delivered into human genome or human genome into viral genome or both can happen? I know that SRC is often transduced into the virus. Does that mean when a SRC virus enters a cell, the virus uses host machinery to rapidly proliferate and so in the process, the SRC, which is located after the 3 viral genes gag, pol, env, gets transcribed and translated using the viral LTR? Now I am confused how that leads to cancer. Is it that there is excessive proliferation of SRC and so what once was a proto-oncogene now has no contro…

How many nucleotides are involved in the Splicing process. I mean: you have the exome sequence, then the exome sequences ends, how many nucleotides from the end of the exome(in the intron) you have to count as important for splicing? I talking about the splicing site. I read in a good germany scientific book, that splicing sites are 9 until 15 nucleotides long. Correct?

I read that X-inactivation doesn't tend to happen in males, but then when someone is XXY, they are a male because of the Y. However these individuals tend to live. So does that mean that x-inactivation happens in males or else these individuals would die?

When you look at the GWAS you can see that many SNP which influece a trait, phenotype or disease risk are in the introns or outside a gene! That's weird, because at the end the mRNA is important for Protein creating! Intron don't get trancribed!?? Do you get that?

As far I know they don't transfer the enhancers of such genes, too? When they put a gene into a DNA of plant, they don't do it with the enhancer? But the genes need the enhancers!

Hello people, I am investigating about candidate CNV (copy number varations) which could play an important role in the development of some complex diseases. I wonder if there are any browser or software which could help me to know which of the huge amount of genetic regions of different patients, belong to exonic regions. Thanks in advance.

Can anyone tell me real world examples in human about genetic linkage and association?

Hello Can a gene be inserted into a whole specific organ? for example I want to insert a gene into all of the liver cells. Could you please explain a bit? Thank you

When you look at the result of this study, you can see that on chromosome 7,8 and 10 thre are high LOD scores. Even on chromosome 7 the LOD score is over 3! What does this mean? Can we say that there is a gene that influences male homosexuality or is this study crap? http://www.lscp.net/persons/ramus/fr/GDP1/papers/mustanski05.pdf

I've read several articles on the topic and it sounded interesting. What does one need in order to get started? I wasn't able to find any specific answers with a google search, just how wonderful it was.

Is there a possibility that a minority of male homosexuals are gay cause of rare de novo mutations? I'm gay I do look very weird. Very often I get insultet with painful words like ''faggot''. I do look very strange. That's why I believe something biological is not running correctly! I also realized that male homosexuality is common. Why that? I have theories that male homosexality is seperated in three subtypes! Subtypes 1. : approx. 70% of all gay men, homosexuality is caused by uncommon hormonal condition in combination of too less gene activity. Subtype 2. : 20 % of all gay men, Homosexuality is caused by complex polygenic interaction which leads to this kind of se…

What is an average mutation rate in humans per genome per generation?

I am currently learning about optogenetics. In this technique they insert ChR2 into specific neurons using a AAV virus using a cell specific promoter. How does a promoter drive the cell specifity of an adeno associated virus? Does it produce specific receptors on the virus membrane ?