Genetics

I am perplexed as to why hybrids, can be bred very diverse sub- species, such as we see in the cat, dog, horse families etc. I have been informed that we share 98% of our genetic code with Chimpanzees, and much the same with the other great apes. Why then is it thought impossible for an ape human hybrid to be bred?. This is a scientific question, so lets leave out the moral aspects of doing this in this thread

Hello everyone, I'm a sophomore student in college and I'm absolutely stumped on where to go next with my Genetics lab. We've just discussed mendelian/non-mendelian inheritance and we've used a computer program to analyze crosses between dragonflies. The traits seem to be sex linked but also seem to have a possibility of being reliant on more than two alleles. If anyone has any input on where to start or where to try next let me know, any help is really appreciated! I've attached a picture of the crosses we've obtained so far.

An 8000 bp plasmid construct has 2 restriction sites for EcoRI at 0 bp and at 5000 bp as well as a restriction site for HaeIII at 1000 bp. If the plasmid was digested with HaeIII, how many fragments would be generated, and what are their sizes?

As an example, I'll use the rs33 SNP. For Europeans, A has a frequency of 0.220 and G = 0.780. Then for the genotypes: AA = 0.051, AG=0.339, GG=0.610. I would assume the genotype frequencies are a matter of statistics. Maths isn't my strong point, I can't figure out how to calculate them from the allele frequencies. Also I've seen some weird things on dbsnp like two allele frequencies A=0.50,C=0.50 adding up to AC=1.00 which makes me wonder if its even possible to calculate them with a simple mathematical formula. But if thats the case, how can they determine the allele frequencies if they're not even related to the genotype frequencies? EDIT: I checked out one of tho…

Dear all, I have basic questions regarding mtDNA. I would like to know what is exactly the GB frequency for mitochondrial DNA variants (how is is calculated? what is considered to be high and what is considered to be low?). I have read that a frequency mtDB <0.2% is low. How do you convert a GB frequency into this %? Thanks!

If an individual has a pair of inversion mutations, that cause premature hardening of the fontanelles,and other cranial bones in early development,is it possible to determine the most likely heritability of the mutation without further testing?

Is there any mathematical formula that we can use to determine phenotypic ratio in polyhybrid cross without drawing a Punnett square?

I am an instructor having a Problem trying to reconcile the sum rule with the answer to this Q: if a blue eyed (bb) woman marries a man with brown eyes (B?) where his genotype is unknown, what is the probability of having a blue-eyed child? I calculate it at 1/4 because he has 1/2 chance of being Bb and 1/2 chance of passing it on. But if you consider it as mutually exclusive he is either BB OR Bb, then if he is BB there is 0 chance of blue eyed child OR if he is Bb, there is 1/2 chance of blue eyed child, then 0 + 1/2 = 1/2. What is wrong here?

I'm compiling a project on ICF and Rett syndromes. At the moment I'm having a little trouble finding statistics for the rough number of live births and average life expectancy. Any help and links to sources would be greatly appreciated.

Is the Government keeping secrets that people kill themselves for?

Hello, Please could someone explain why Turner syndrome produces any symptoms at all. As I understand all cells in the female body inactivate one X-chromosome (dosage compensation). As such shouldn't Turner syndrome manifest itself in exactly the same way as all normal cells? thank you

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafting#Scientific_uses I saw a few trees grafted. Instead of making very small fruit, began to make large fruit. Whole different in shape, color. Instead of wild apples. They began producing big apples. I expect the fruit to be done after the tree genetic pattern. However, there are some living cells and theirs multiplying, is coordinated only by genetic information inside them. How could a small piece of another tree even change the color of the fruit?

) The pairwise map distances for four linked genes are as follows: A-B = 14 m.u., B-C = 30 m.u., C-D = 34 m.u., B-D = 4 m.u., A-D = 18 m.u., A-C = 16 m.u. What is the order of these four genes? Choose one of the alternatives below. A) ABCD B) ADBC C) CBDA D) BADC E) CADB F) BACD G) DABC H) DBAC I) BDCA J) DBCA K) None of the above

What does a minus sign indicate in a chromosome translocation? like -5q.

If every cell in the body contains a complete copy of the bodies DNA, how does the cell know which parts of the DNA to read, and which parts not to read, relevant to where it is in the body? This seems mind-boggling that the cell can do this. Thanks for your thoughts, Dylan

Can specific genes be related to nationalities? Our DNA is our identity, and because people from the same country/culture/religion are more related to each other, maybe this is also the case with genes being switched on or off? So do (of course never 100%) most of the Dutch, or Africans, or Chinese, carry the same gene that's switched on or off?

Hello, I'm currently Studying EPO gene expression. I have read a few papers on analysing EPO receptors through leukocyte extraction and running an ELISA on them. I have been told that I can analyse the gene expression of EPO through leukocyte extraction also, and then running real time PCR and then a high resolution melt to detect a change from my intervention. Although I can not find any papers that replicate this through leukocyte analysis. Please could someone tell me if this is correct and if so direct me to some relevant papers that look at gene expression of EPO from leukocytes through PCR methods/protocols. I'm new to this area so if any of my explanation is c…

as we all know,when a dna replicates the ending phase of replication has two parts: 1-ending in the 3' end of template dna strand.this ending part was explained by elizabeth blackburn and her colleagues.they said that telomerase would attach to the 3' hanging end of template dna strand and would produce telomere sequence and then,by the help of primers and dna polymerase the okazaki pieces would be added and ligated by dna ligase and after that a protein complex creates the t-loop and fixes the ending structure. but my question begins from here. what happens to the 5' end of template dna strand in the ending phase? when dna polymerase is producing the leading strand,t…

With all the concerns about rising global temperatures and higher sea levels, not to mention no habitable planets within our reach, what are we to do to survive? Should we start genetically altering ourselves and our animal life in order to survive changes in our environment? What are the benefits vs. the consequences? I'd like to know since we're running out of time and options here.

Alrighty, where to start... I feel like I have so many questions but it's probably just a few. Welp, my first question about genetics: If someone has a heterochromic eye, would they be a chimera and therefore have Blaschko's lines? 2nd Q: Do all chimeras have Blaschko's lines? I realize that some chimeras do have similar skin tones with both sets of DNA but you could still see the difference with a black light. 3rd Q: Hazel eyes... If Brown eyes have only slightly but noticeably green (only in a certain lighting) on the edges, they are considered Hazel then, right? Even though they are mostly brown? That seems to be all of my Q's in a nutshell. x3 Than…

Does regular aerobic exercise actually switch on and off certain gene expression ? I noticed a reference to the same in the local news....

Hi, I have a question that tickles me: imagine a mutation that's lethal when it's expressed homozygously. To comprehend in vivo the mechanism of the mutation, i'll try to obtain heterozygous mice. But will the chimeric mouse obtained after electroporation of the vector and homologous recombination be viable? If the mutation is expressed in the germinal cells (which i want, to go on with the protocol), will the mouse be fertile and able to procreate the heterozygous mice i wanted? Here an image to illustrate the question: Thank you!

HIV is virus that incorporates its genome into your genome. In essence, HIV becomes part of you as does many other proviruses. To cure HIV, its genome has to be removed from the infected cells. Molecular tools have been developed and discovered to remove specific DNA sequences from the Genome. One of these tools are called CRISPR. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) technology, a microbial defense system, has been developed based on its remarkable ability to bring the endonuclease Cas9 to specific locations within complex genomes by a short RNA, to precisely edit the genome, to build toolkits for synthetic biology, and to monitor DNA in …

There are scientific reasons to avoid incest. Morality and "ew" factor aside, children tend to have deformities if their parents are biologically related to one another. But ... what counts as "biological?" Aren't we all biologically related to some degree? Even if you're not religious and don't believe in the whole "Adam & Eve" thing, it's highly improbable that evolution would just happen to create independent batches of homo sapiens in different spots around the globe. Even if you take religioun out of the equation, we almost certainly started out as a single tribe. So ... how many generations need to seperate the parents, biologically speaking, before …

T-cells recognize the MHC molecules and body's own peptides. When it doesn't, it alarms the immune system. But do T-cells express MHC molecules ? If so, how are they using it? If not, what happens when a virus infects T-cells? (Yes, I am confused about HIV infection mechanism too. They escape from immune response by altering their genes and disrupting the MHC-peptide bonding. I can see that this can work in macrophages. But what is the situation in T-cells ?)