Anatomy, Physiology and Neuroscience

Hi to all, I am a student from Germany, working in the lab of Neuroimmunology. I am checking the expression of a cluster of differentiation (CD) protein in different types of genotype mice. For the same, I am using western blot method. I am facing a problem in my western blot experiments is that I repeated my experiment several times but every time I get different tendency of protein expression among the different genotypes. For the control purpose I use alpha tubulin as an endogenous control, but the solution have been persisting any ways. Thats the reason I can't make the conclusion out of it. I would be happy if I get the solution for my problem from you Than…

In 1982 I came in contact with 17,000 Volts of electricity and was oxygen deprived for an extended period. Now years later I am starting to have issues with memory to the point where it is affecting me on a regular basis where I in developing issues that affect my ability to recall conversations with friends and have even gotten the name of my dog that I have had for 11 years, and has also affected my ability dealing with was once simple work-related task in designing addressing and assignments for computer networks. For the most part my doctor has ruled out Alzheimer's, and other psychological conditions so as with Occam's razor I am being drawn to the conclusion that th…

Hi: I recent posted something similar in the "Morbid obesity, causes" thread. However, someone suggested to me that I start a new thread. I currently daydream of a hypothetical diet product to cure my own state of obesity that I desperately would like to live off of -- without eating anything else. This product that is vegan-friendly and has all the nutrients of vegetables, fruits, herbs, algae, seaweed, and other non-animal organisms that are necessary/beneficial for human health. It also contains beneficial and essential microbes [such as probiotics and the Red Star T-6635+ yeast which is a vegan-friendly source of B12]. All the aforementioned are in amounts opt…

Hi: Let's say I bioengineer a virus to infect the adipocytes of obese patients. There are many who desperately want to lose fat-weight at all costs but are too lazy to resist the temptation of junk food. Would my virus assist them in losing weight? What would be the downsides? I have an acquaintance [really a friend of my close friend]. He is at least 350 lbs. I don't even want to get into what his daily routine is like. It's very depressing. He eats likes its no ones business. He takes up the whole back seat of a car. He clearly does not have the will power I have. In a month I was able to lose 20 lbs from 205 to 185. However, this dude is just too driven by…

This is odd. I'm not quite looking for "medical advice", I'm trying to figure out what can cause this. I *will* contact my doctor if things aren't better, so no worries there This is very weird, though. I got to my internship 10 weeks ago, and instantly noticed that my computer screen is right across the door to the balcony, and produces REALLY large amount of glare. I tried to tilt it, it helped a little bit, and while the screen isn't perfect, it's more or less convenient. But lately (in the past couple of weeks) I noticed that I'm a lot more sensitive to bright lights. I see just fine, but it's like I have this "glare" (like what happens when you look at brigh…

I have some questions for basic medical physiology： 1. What's the ture reason for presynaptic inhibition from the 2 statements as follows 1) increase the chlorine ion permeability of presynaptic excitory ending tomake it depolarized 2) accumulation of potassium ion in ECF surrounding the excitory ending to produce partial depolarization of excitory ending. 2. Can you explain the formula: osmolarity of blood = 2[Na+](meq/l)+0.055[Glu](mg/dl)+0.36[bUN](mg/dl) and what's the meaning of [bUN]? 3 Can you explain the formula: specific activity of sodium = radioactive sodium24 (counts/min/l) divided by the sum of Na24 and nonradioactive Na (meq/l…

I'm just curious to know opinions, and bear with me because I may just be ignorant, But It stands to reason for me that the only possible cause of morbid obesity is consuming too many calories, If you don't put somthing in your body cannot very well produce fat. I just have a few friends who fit in this category and have heard everything from underlying genetic conditions to "I don't eat that much" etc. I completely understand food addiction, or gorging etc. but if these people cannot acknowledge to themselves that the cause is over indulgence then they're not going to get healthy. Just my opinion. What is yours?

What is the lowest level of consciousness possible?

Hi: If the heart beats too slowly [even with strong and complete relaxations and contractions], the brain will starve of circulation and cause some neurological symptoms, some of these symptoms would be dissociation, delirium, and psychedelia. There would also be out-of-body and near-death experience. Let's say -- hypothetically -- I want to experience the above hallucinatory states by slowing my heart rate. Let's assume that I'm the average 27-year-old male. Let's also assume that my heartbeat and pulse are as strong as they could possibly be [heart muscles' contractions and relaxations are complete]. How slow would my heart rate need to be in order to cause…

hi, i am a novice in the field of physiology, with tons of questions about the heart. I hope that my questions will find answers and that others may benefit from them. 1.why do 4 chambers exist in the heart? 2.what contracts first? the left, right atria or both at the same time. 3.what is the main factor responsible for opening, closing the valves? Pressure or electrical activity? 4.when the action potential passes from sa node and travels throughout the heart where is the final destination of the action potential? does it "get used up" or does it dissipate?\ 5.when the ventricles contract does this action make the pulmonary, aortic valves open? and how do the val…

Which is not true of Myelin? a. Is a fatty membranous sheath b. is formed by glial cells c. influences the rate of conduction of the electrical signal down an axon d. myelin covers all parts of the neuron: axon, cell body, and dendrites e. none of the above Which of the following is not true about axon transport? a. it refers to the passage of materials from the cell body of a neuron to the axon terminals b. it refers to the passage of meterials from axon terminals to the cell body of neuron c. it refers to the transport of materials across the axonal membrane d. it is especially important for maintaining the integrity of neurons with long axons Which …

the hippocampus is responsible for memory retrieval but does it do anything else??

OK. As I am new to the subject, I have very little to no knowledge of it what so ever. I wish to know several things as follows: how do the senses, sight, touch, taste, smell, hearing function; how do they travel along the nervous system to the brain; how does the brain interpret these signals (if there is a term for them I would like to know that as well); can they be stimulated into producing false sensations by artificial stimuli; and lastly, if the answer to the last question be yes, as i know hallucinogens do something similar, can the effects be controlled, thus being able to create images, smells and so on, at the will of the user. I am not asking we…

I was hoping someone that knows stuff about human anatomy can tell me if this is true how vocal cords work: http://cananybodysing.com/how-the-vocal-cords-and-larynx-work.html Is that video real? Thats pretty cool if that is real I've never seen anything like it, how do they do that? thanks

I found this explanation in a list of fun facts about the brain, however I was unsatisfied with this explanation. http://articles.health.msn.com/id/100111308 The former explanation does not satisfy me at all, and the latter only partially. I believe our memory is associative and can generally be described in the form of an ontology. Our cerebral cortex is constantly sifting through our memories and looking for things to associate with present experiences. I'm not sure if we are born with an a priori ontology or if the brain simply builds one out of nowhere; however I would contend that the reason we cannot remember early childhood is that this struct…

What is the slowest possible motion that a human can perceive as a moving object ?

Abstract Teenagers are often impulsive. In some cases this is a phase of normal development; in other cases impulsivity contributes to criminal behavior. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined resting-state functional connectivity among brain systems and behavioral measures of impulsivity in 107 juveniles incarcerated in a high-security facility. In less-impulsive juveniles and normal controls, motor planning regions were correlated with brain networks associated with spatial attention and executive control. In more-impulsive juveniles, these same regions correlated with the default-mode network, a constellation of brain areas associated with spo…

Wikipedia isn't overly informative I know someone who was taken to hospital with severe chest pains they did a blood test and his level was 55. Forty is supposed to be toxic, as in stopped heart, So how could he hold so much booze I was with him he was coherrent like he'd only had a few drinks, Definitely an alcohol abuser but why if 40 is toxic isn't he dead?

Are there any books which describe the inner workings of Hypnosis? I'm not speaking about applying it myself, I'm rather interested in the functioning of Hypnosis. I'm wondering how is it possible that somebody can take control of another humans mind and command this person and even control the brain as if that somebody was the brain himself? This scenario also can take place when the hypnotized person is far more superior than the Hypnotist. It is said that people with a vivid fantasy are highly hypnotizable, thus Albert Einstein must have accounted to one of the most hypnotizable people, since his imagination was his strength. The pitfall of highly hypnotizable…

the most i have gone through is 36 hours. that was during my exams.

ScienceDaily (Mar. 17, 2011) — Dr. Olivier Collignon of the University of Montreal's Saint-Justine Hospital Research Centre compared the brain activity of people who can see and people who were born blind, and discovered that the part of the brain that normally works with our eyes to process vision and space perception can actually rewire itself to process sound information instead. The research was undertaken in collaboration with Dr Franco Lepore of the Centre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognition and was published March 15 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The research builds on other studies which show that the blind have a hei…

Some parts of a rat’s brain can fall asleep even while the animal plays and seems wide awake, a new study shows. Researchers at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and their colleagues in Italy kept rats up four hours past the rodents’ usual bedtime. Even though the rats stayed awake, electrodes implanted in their brains showed that some brain cells went to sleep while neighboring ones remained active, the team reports in the April 28 Nature. Rats with sleeping neurons were also prone to making mistakes during slightly difficult tasks, a finding that may have implications for sleep-deprived people. “And it would be very insidious because nobody would be able…

I have been really curious about BCIs for a while now, and I have read a lot about them. One of the coolest technologies I could see coming from this kind of research is a spinal cord interface, ala the Matrix, except that the major application would probably be for people with spinal cord injuries (or disembodied brains...mwahahaa). I have been thinking how such an interface could be implemented (and whether it will even be feasible at all in the near future, without radical bio- and genetic engineering advancements) but I find that I am hindered by a degree of ignorance about the physiology of the nervous system that cannot easily be rectified by surfing the internet …

The Spinning Ballerina is something I see pretty often :/ I finally took a moment to look at it and see if I could in fact change the direction in which it spins. It has always spun clockwise for me, apparently this means I am right brain dominant. If the descriptions I have found are correct about what this would imply it would seriously explain why I have such a hard time with things like spelling and formulating viable life solutions. I am also prone to migraines in areas of the left side of my face and temporal regions that I have long associated with a variety of brain functions and have been meaning to get some medical aid as the pain can be debilitating most of…

I decided on this topic because I have heard nothing but good things about them (other than Canada banning importation) So I was looking for opinions on both sides if they are good or bad, For those who don't know an electronic cigarette heats up a substance in an inhalable cartridge and produces a vapour and flavour similar to a cigarette. They are marketed as a stop smoking aid. I don't know the entire list of ingredients I'm sure someone else here more adept at finding things will add it. but I know the primary ingredient is Glycol. I really think it will help me to stop smoking by allowing me to puff away when I really just want a smoke and only allowing mysel…