Modern and Theoretical Physics

i read in one of the undergraduate books that the frequency of the incident wave( it is more than the cut off limit)..falling on a given metal surface at a given intensity results in a current that does NOT depend in the frequency.... but, for a given metal , if the frequency is increased then the energy supplied increases thus the kinetic energy of the emitted electron also increases(..conservation law)...since the velocity of the electron now has increased, then dq/dt should increase as well...i.e,..the photo current should also increase...this contradicts the statement in the book...! if there is something weomg plz let me know.... thanx in advance.…

I'm reviewing the Theory of Everything wikipedia page, and I have this question: Can GR and QM be two separate things? The argument is that there may be something that meshes them together. However, can they be two separate things? And if so, wouldn't there be some underlying thing that enables them to be two seperate things (that itself could be argued to be a ToE, I think).

There is a book called the "Holographic Universe" which contains the concept that humans are wrong to consider that most of reality consists of empty space but rather, there is no empty space. The book compares humans to fish that cannot see the water it swims through. I am wondering first, has anybody heard of, or read "The Holographic Universe" and can either testify to the books validity or lack thereof, and second, what is the evidence for there being empty space? I have it in my head that a scientist once said that there was an experiment done at the beginning of the last century which produced conclusive evidence for the existence of empty space. Does anyone have a…

Perhaps I should be more clear as to what I am asking, besides what the title suggests. Lately i have heard of how particles can become incoherent with other particles in the universe, because they vibrate at different frequencies, and typically when I [myself] think of a vibration i think of a object or a wave transitioning in a normal direction- So when i thought about this I also thought "Is a vibration limited to a 3 Dimensional Space", with my own logic i have come to the answer "no" because I can simulate it in a computer program I make, and as i programmer i think of different situations where a 4D vibration can be utilized in things like Terrain generation.. S…

I have heard this theory that there is a gigantically vast yet finite number of ways that atoms and molecules can be arranged, at least in any finite space. This would mean that the possibilities for anything and everything are finite. Since there is only a finite number of ways that matter can be arranged that means there's a finite number of possible, sculptures, paintings, events that can happen, even people that can exist. I'm an artistic type and personally I find this a little disturbing. I want to know how much truth there is to this theory and how credible it is.

Hi, I'm new to this forum, and I need some help with this. I want to determine the polarization of a laser beam, that is, the type of polarization (linear, elliptical), the angle of polarization (if it is linear). Then, I want to represent this mathematically. I used some linear polarizers to find the polarization of the laser, passing the laser beam through the polarizer to a wall. I found the angle in which the laser light was more intense (bright) on the wall, and then started spinning it slowly, wanting to find the angle in which the intensity after the polarizer was zero (90º from the brightest angle). However, there was no point in which there was no light behind …

I write to inquire if there can be any meaningful conversion of energy... say from rocket thrust to mechanical energy and if there are any equations governing such a transfer. Much thanks for any guidance in this regard.

I am Working in Modelling for Radiance transfer equation for chlorophyll fluorescence.. So I need the solution for general Radiance transfer equation with out source function. ??? plz help.. I am refering mobley CD book for this work??

I have recently been watching cosmos series about Michael Faraday and his work and how radio communication wouldn't of existed without him nor the use of electricity for machinery and i brainstormed at the end it hit me like a bullet as they said some radio waves move as fast as the speed of light and the thought has occurred to me ... Why, why is it as fast as light? when no solid object can move faster than the speed of light and then i thought theoretically if you could turn an object into radio waves you could transport it anywhere as fast than the speed of light essentially creating what was thought to be science fiction (teleportation). Turning ones …

Higgs Boson was said to be discovered recently. People are always confused with the fact that mass in particles are caused by Higgs Boson. In reality, it is the field which the Higgs Bosons are situated- Higgs Boson Field that has a higher resting value than the other fundamental force fields, i.e. The 4 Fundamental Force Fields. If Higgs Boson Field provide mass to particles situated in it, then what supplies mass to the field itself?

As you probably know, inside of a nebula gas particles attract each other and start to clump up. The larger the clumps get the higher the gravitational pull of the whole, until eventually the pressure in the core is so great fusion starts to take place, lighting it up like a spherical candle. After the star has lived and expanded into a giant star it dies out and explodes or implodes, possibly making another nebula or forming a neutron star. Well i was thinking about this while coming up with a name for my film production (irrelevant), and i began to think about how the universe is still expanding. What if our universe does the same thing? It seems as though everything in…

Could you theoretically use electromagnets to tear electrins from atoms?

Hey guys!!!! I know that I haven't been on for umpteen months but I am back! I had so much homework and have been absent so I haven't been on for a while. Anyway, last time I posted i was talking about gluons and how you could maybe hold together particles and i am back with that topic. So... First of all, since a gluon is that force carrier of the strong nuclear force, and force carriers inhibit the given force on the world, wouldn't it be that particles in the given target area, as long as bombarded with gluons, should stay together right? Now before commenting, please read this: I would not attempt to do this considering the fact you would need a particle accelerator…

Do entangled states violate the conventional norms of entropy? In entangled states particles are in unison with no apparent cause and the entropy of this system is decreasing. To maintain this state energy has to be drawn in from somewhere? How do we explain this quasi-equilibrium state? Please advise.

Earlier, String Theory had gotten much more attention and now(as I know of) it seems to have less of acknowledgment. Is there a reason for this?

The LHC has found an energrtic particle which fits the description of the Higg's boson very well, but is this actual proof ot the spontaneous symmetry break/Higg's mechanism/electroweak separation ? Let's grab an electron ( we obviously cannot grab a single quark ), put it in a briefcase, take it to Switzerland and drop it in the LHC. We now accelerate this electron to approx. 250GeV ( I don't know if its even possible using the LHC ). What do we expect to happen ? At this energy, any and all non-zero valued Higg's fields ( depending on the model ) should appear to the electron as all zero valued and completely symmetric and the weak vacuum charge should cease wea…

could universe possibly be a giant brain cell?

Have any of you looked into this? It looks very positive for the future! Much much safer than fission and more powerful too, I think. https://www.iter.org BTW, hi all, I just joined and this is my first post.

Hello, when I have a quantum field theory with action S(psi, a_mu, a*_nu) dependent on fermion field psi and dependent on the two boson fields a_mu and a*_nu. All boson fields are complex numbers; no noncommutative objects like matrices. These boson fields are connected with two conditions. In the whole theory there should be satisfied the following conditions: (i) a_{mu}a*^{mu}=1 (ii) a^{mu} a*^{nu} d_{mu} a_{nu} = 0 Here, d_{mu} is the ordinary partial derivative in spacetime direction mu. The Feynman propagator reads: f = e^(iS) delta(a_{mu}a*^{mu}-1) delta(a^{mu} a*^{nu} d_{mu} a_{nu}) (Integration over all psi, a_mu and a*_nu) The first delta distribution (…

Is there evidence to rule out the possibility that dark energy is not a positive force inside our universe, but rather caused by a negative force created by a perfect vacuum outside? I understand there is no such thing as a perfect vacuum inside our universe, manmade or otherwise. But, if there were a perfect vacuum outside, I can imagine it would be like a balloon expanding, finding itself suddenly on the Moon. If we were inside this balloon, might we wonder just what positive force was pushing on the sides of the balloon, rather than a force pulling from outside? Does the math rule this out? I'm ignorant.

A photon is made up of electro and magnetic waves, and with the idea that everything is always made up of something smaller, could we recreate this in a much larger scale? And if so could we possibly unlock the incredible velocity of light, or atleast some form of propulsion?

Since the properties of (traditional) magnets are dependent on the crystal structure and atomic properities of iron, do these properties remain once the iron is molton?

I love to think and I have sooooo many ideas around the universe. I am wondering what an anti-photon is called and if it is separate from dark matter at all or if dark matter is an umbrella term that anti-photons fall under. What would be useful is some sort of visual guide that explains particle relationships using the Standard model that includes dark matter. I believe the theory is Super Symmetry but my knowledge is so little I could be very wrong...I tend to bounce from idea to to idea and hopefully I am making sense. Also Why can't we tell what what existed during the Planck era?

Can optical tweezers move a atom and could a optical tweezers be made as small as a cell or smaller? And if the optical tweezers can move a atom can it like move one by one to put them together? Because then this would achieve the "build one and it builds more and they multiply objective, and they all can move atoms to make anything, and if they use magnetic power it would look like smoke coming together, and could move anything around too)

So to my understanding there's a model out there that says the arrow of time is somehow related to the universe's expansion which can coincide with the ever increase in entropy which apparently has its own arrow of time. Furthermore, it is stated on wikipedia that if the universe were to contract, it would be indicative of traveling backwards in time. So there's a few things. What's the exact name of this model? If I could take a cubic meter of space and somehow stop expansion inside of it, and I dropped a ball inside it, would the ball just "freeze" inside the cube because it can't experience the passing of time and thus not change position over time from velocity? …