Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Hello everyone~ I have a burning question. I was studying and came across this reduction/oxidation example under gluconeogenesis topic. The book stated that: NADH----> NAD+ is reduction and NAD+ ------> NADH is oxidation. I am very confused because I thought opposite. I thought that is the H is lost in NADH, that is oxidation, as oxidation is loss of electrons (or oxygen). Can someone please clear this concept up of oxidation/reduction. Thank you.

hi, how I can know what I have to use with my problem multiple or pairwise ? Also, how I can know that a sequence has local similarity or global similarity if this seq. very long? thanks

hi, I have non biological data with range(0-1600) FIRST QUERY: what is the best way to represent these data as biological data A,C,T, and G? SECOND QUERY: Is protein sequence or nucleotides sequence best to represent these data? THANKS IN ADVANCE

Dear colleagues!!! Help me please with some questions in molecular biology. 1. What is the precise length of human RNA-primers in Okazaki fragments? In the literature there are different data – from 9 nucleotides to 20 and 30. 2. Precise length of DNA binding sites for such proteins, as: DNA polymerases (all human types), insertase, DNA glycosylases, DNA ligases (I, II, III and IV), RAD51, MRN-complex, and BRCA? 3. Minimal length of oligonucleotide which can be kept on the end of double-stranded DNA in case when the single-stranded break occurs near the chromosome end. I’m interesting in telomere shortening mechanisms and can not find data how the…

Do hormones belong to the same organic family, or they are just under the same biochemical family 'Hormones', i.e. are the like ketones, aldehydes ...... etc.?

Hello!

I've recently developed a fascination in bioinformatics. The idea of using in silico models for things like hit and lead identification, screening millions of compounds for similarity in shape or pharmacophoric activity to discover a handful that might have potential for further tests (in vitro and in vivo) - it's something that I see as having an enormous potential. Of course, the applications of bioinformatic tools don't end with lead identification. Theoretically, one might be able to use digital simulations to test for alternative interactions between the lead compound (drug candidate) and other, non-intended (non-target) endogenous sites (proteins, DNAs, …

Hi all, I would like to suggest here a book that presents the fundamentals of human and mammalian biochemistry. Color Atlas of Biochemistry" by Koolman Please do share the books you like to suggest in this thread. Cheers Loka

does every skeletal muscle cell have its own neuron? what is the size of neurons in peripheral tissues compared to skeletal muscle cells?

Hi everybody! I just got involved in some research and I need some help finding some information to base a hypothesis on. I need to find some info on how nerve signals around your body (especially from pain) are different from nerve signals from your eyes to your brain. Any help the community can give is much appreciated! For those who are curious, the research is for part of the IB diploma requirements.

I am maybe the only really telepathic person in the world. You should not think that I could be Schizophrenic. STOP PSYCHO TERROR ON ME , PSYCHOPATS ARE PSYCHO KILLING ME, I AM TOTALY MAD OF PSYCHO TORTURE. Can you please resend this email to other scientists, please save me of this terror. Can you please give me advice , what I can do against gang that torture me for last 10 Years. They cost me all important things in my life for last 10 years. I can not pay back money to CSN, I am this winter going to finish on the street. I have to get polisen to start arresting them. Academic degree, job, marriage, sex, pleasure, homeland... and all other things , I have …

Is it true that scientists now are examining a new thing in DNA's Theory although it is believed to be getting closed and finished? Would any one advise? I don't have to do with Biology and Medicine? But, I did have deep courses and read books about many branches in biology and the family are specialized.

Is it possible that a eukaryotic protein when expressed in bacteria coul be biologically inactive?please justify .

by confocal microscopy we seem to see distinct vesicles that move together in tandem and touch but do not appear to overlap upon merging of images - has anyone seen this before ?

Hi everyone, I'm new in this forum and I wanted to start by this topic. I'm interested in researches involved in Plasma membrane and like that. I've a good background information about thay like what it is usually written in the essential cell biology text books. Would you mind help me find the name of some other useful texts or researches or scientist I can interact with in this topic? For your background of me,I'm a first year medical student. Regards

Does anyone have experience of measuring the concentration of lysozyme in biological fluids, especially in wound fluid? Which method would be most suitable? What are the obstacles? dW

Hi: I've read that homolactic-acid fermentation does not produce CO2. Are there any other types of CO2-free fermentation pathways? Also, is it possible to generate any of the following byproducts -- solely via anaerobic fermentation -- without producing CO2?: 1. Acetoin 2. Diacetyl 3. Butyrate 4. Valerate 5. Caproate 6. Propionate 7. Isovalerate 8. Isobutyrate 9. Acetate Thanks, GX

I was wondering if it is possible to run purified viruses in SDS PAGE gels? I am thinking of an experiment using hepatitis A virus and wanted to know its size in kDA. I do know that its ORF codes for a polyprotein which is 250 kDA in size, however if I load the virus onto the gel, will I get a similar size? Cheers

Dear all, i had made few times the krebs-HEPES solution. And i found that the solution tend to be cloudy with precipitate. expecially when i add in CaCl2.2 H20, after the sodium HEPES. I tried turn over, which means that i add in CaCl2.2H20 ,then i add in sodium HEPES. But it's still turn to cloudy solution. I would like to ask that is it very important that the order to put in the chemicals? and if i continue to use the cloudy solution, will it affect my assay? for you information, the solution is clear before i add in the calcium cloride ot the sodium HEPES, and i also add very slowly for these two chemicals....thanks!

Hi, In many articles describing a protein-protein interactrion we notice the explanation of the bonds (hydrogen, hydrophobic...) that a group of AA can make with their counterparts in the interacting protein. However, I found no review or book describing amino acid interactions in general (in protein-protein interactions and not in tertiary structure of a protein), at each time it is description of specefic case in a research article. Ant suggestion ? Thanks

Hi everyone, I would like to ask you for some ideas or advice. I have huge problem with removing a tag from a protein. Here’re the facts: It’s a MBP-tag that should be removed. PreScission protease is used (I can’t use factor Xa because the size of Xa chains and protein of interest are too similar). Reaction was performed overnight at 4 °C Issues: 1) Only half of MBP-Fusionprotein is cut by PreScission. 2) Ignoring the incomplete proteolysis I performed the reaction onto the amylose resin column. In theory the cut protein has to be found in the flow-through whereas MBP and remaining MBP-Fusionprotein are still bound to the a…

Hi, I have a biomedical engineering background and would love to get into the nitty gritty of the detailed biochemistry here. I can again look up pubmed articles to support this. I like to try to drill down to the underlying cause then work from there. Many medical treatments never touch the underlying cause so I am not discounting the many methods using ways removed from this. But it provides a deep understanding if we are to a point to "get it" first at this level. two b-cells O O they see a substance <<<<<<<<<< They both get activated then one quiets O but the other stays active The first one is a normal bce…

I'm curious about how life comes into being right down at the atomic scale. Are there certain elements that will bond and create an organic material of their own accord given certain environmental conditions? I would love to know what elements could naturally form something that resembles an organism, protein, or similar. It seems reasonable to assume that all life must have originated from something fairly simple which somehow joined with other molecules to become something more complex. Although I also figure that if we knew, we'd probably be developing our own stem-cells and whatnot by now. I'm only making assumptions, though, and I'm not an expert (I would…

In the case of phytoplankton, both these examples of nanomachinery give individual phytoplankton the ability to move purposely in a specific direction, i.e. to move towards the ocean surface by night and down to the ocean depths by day. In the thread "how life begins" I saw and watched the series of youtube videos about abiogenesis and particularly the one about how the flagellum probably developed. The flagelleum simply rotates and a kink towards the end allows it to provide thrust. Question How can a flagellum that simply rotates give the cell the ability to move in a specific direction? With fish and worms etc there are various muscles associated …

Hi: The acetic acid bacterium has an acidic cytoplasm but the nucleus is still pH-neutral. Is it possible for the proteins, DNA/RNA, and other organic molecules of a living cell to somehow adapt to pH of 0? If not, then what is the lowest pH the cell [including the nuclear molecules] can adapt to? Thanks, GX