Sensei

The problem with LLM is that there are many models, even under the same name, with different computing power and different capabilities. Let me give you an example from last week. I launched ChatGPT and asked it to convert a piece of C/C++ code (brute-force calculation) into a mathematical function. It was the following piece of code: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int calc_total( int digits ) { int result = 10; while( digits-- > 1 ) { result *= 10; } return( result ); } int extract_digit( int value, int digit ) { int result = value; //printf( "value %d digit %d ", value, digit ); while( digit-- > 0 ) { result /= 10; } //printf( "result %d\n", result % 10 ); return( result % 10 ); } int calc_checksum( int value, int digits ) { int result = 0; for( int i = 0; i < digits; i++ ) { int digit = extract_digit( value, i ); if( digit == 0 ) return( -1 ); result += digit; } return( result % 10 ); } int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) { if( argc == 2 ) { int digits = atoi( argv[ 1 ] ); if( digits >= 2 ) { int total = calc_total( digits ); printf( "total possible: %d\n", total ); int count = 0; for( int i = 0; i < total; i++ ) { if( calc_checksum( i, digits ) == 0 ) { count++; } } printf( "checksum possible: %d\n", count ); } } return( 0 ); }If you (reader, whoever you are) are an expert in mathematics/physics, stop reading right away the text below and try to solve this problem yourself as a mathematical puzzle. If you find this difficult, imagine an LLM doing this. The first ChatGPT told me f(n)=10^n/10 I answered, NO! you did not take into account that zero is ignored! It told me: my mistake, first zero is ignored, and gave yet another function. With just first zero skipped (sigh!) I answered, NO! all zeroes are ignored, not just first one! It told me: my mistake, f(n)=9^n/10 is the right answer. I answered, NO! For n=2, 9^2/10 = 81/10 = 8.1 which is a fraction! How can a fraction be the answer?! For n=2 the correct answer should be 9. For n=3, 72. It agreed with me, and used... some rounding operator... I lost patience, I asked: what version are you? It answered: I am ChatGPT-2. What? WHAT?! I have never saw ChatGPT-2. How on earth it is here, when it normally runs ChatGPT v4, v4-mini, and v3.5 was the oldest one... This time it completely locked up, and the only answer it could get was f(n)=9^n/10 It was impossible to skip it. Deadlock. A day later, at night, when I was expecting ChatGPT servers will be less busy, I asked what version are you. It told me: ChatGPT v4 with v5.2 engine. Let's test it. And it gave the correct mathematical answer for my C/C++ algorithm. Which was: The correct answer f(n)=(9^n+9*(-1)^n)/10 Shock, it did it! ps. And did you manage to do it yourself? I doubt it. The moral of this story is that you have to be an expert in a given field to detect LLM's mistakes, because its answers are very credible, yet often wrong, and it cannot admit its mistakes unless they are pointed out to it directly and it cannot digest them itself. It is impossible to use it to come up with something completely new, such as new theories of physics. Whether it answers will be highly prone to error depends on what you ask it, whether it's something trivial or something complicated. Asking it for help with the basics of computers carries a low risk of error (provided it's v4/v5). You have to be very careful which version is started. Different versions of LLM have different window sizes (ask it about its window size and it will tell you). v2-v3.x have 4k tokens, v4 has 16k, v5 has 16-32k tokens. Once the window size is exceeded, it does not remember what was previously written to it during the same session. The more you talk, e.g., for hours, the less it knows what you wrote at the beginning and loses context. And the chance of making critical mistakes increases significantly. Receiving code and writing code consumes tokens very quickly, so it will soon start writing nonsense. A few hundred lines and you're already outside the window size.

Quantization exists in physics. Just like in computers. You have a floating point number: float x = 0; and float x = 1; What is between them? Many intermediates. But you don't know how many there are unless you've read the IEEE 754 specification (and most people haven't). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_754 When you dig long enough, you achieve granularity, quantization, experimentally. In physics, as you mentioned in relation to a piece of wood, it is made up of atoms, and by dividing it long enough, you achieve the graininess created by atoms. The length of a piece of wood can be given in the number of atoms in a straight line. Your problem can be rephrased in simple terms: does the quantization of space and time exist?

Seriously? https://edition.cnn.com/2019/08/19/tech/siri-alexa-people-listening If you're walking down the street and suddenly an advertisement for a store you're passing pops up, it's no coincidence—your phone sends its location (not via GPS, but GSM), and advertisements are selected based on that. When you log into your Google account, you will find a timeline of places you have visited in recent days and months. https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/14200149?hl=en Knowing where you are (where you live), getting information about the layout of the rooms in your apartment is a piece of cake. BTW, several hundred readings from GPS/GSM and the size and layout of the rooms are known. This is not private data, just diagnostic data. If you had read the terms of service, it would have mentioned this and you would have agreed to it yourself. If you bought your laptop in a store, did it have Windows pre-installed? Did you reinstall it right after purchase? During installation, Windows asks if you want to send diagnostic data (which could mean anything). I bet you didn't reinstall it five seconds after getting home.. i.e., the person who installed this pre-installed Windows or macOS, Android or iOS agreed to the terms of service on your behalf. ;) Last month, I saw something strange (at least to me): a guy (who knows a lot about cybersecurity—he even has a special card without which his laptop cannot be started) received a package from China with the best cell phone in the world in terms of specifications (not an iPhone), and he opens it, and the whole system is ready to go... I tell him, “Format the data! Reinstall!”... but he says no, no... What a complete idiot... even a regular DHL courier could have uploaded malicious software to it on the way to us...

Easy. Change your citizenship. In our country, the tax on winnings over approximately $700 is 10% of the amount paid by the lottery organizer. ps. I think you would be happy with every win. The people who introduced these regulations did not elect them selves. It was necessary to vote for those who planned to abolish these taxes on winnings. If this had become a nationwide meme, politicians would have competed with each other in promising this or that, and if they had not kept their word, you would have held them accountable in the next election. ps2. Euromillions are tax-free in majority of European countries: https://www.euro-millions.com/tax When I went to the casino, I almost always left with a win. Why go to the casino to lose? That wouldn't make any sense... ;)

iPhone and Apple do the same thing, and even a thousand times more, and yet you don't mind buying and supporting them every year... ;) If you can control an IoT device by voice, it must have its speaker turned on non-stop to detect that you are talking to it. The same applies to phones that have a voice-controlled assistant. So if you agree to send debugging data (you have such a clause during Windows installation, for example), you also agree to send your voice if it is needed. Every computer and device has a unique serial number, and computers have several or a dozen such serial numbers for different parts. Each of them can be used to identify someone. You don't know who stole your phone, the police don't know and don't care who stole your phone, but Google knows who stole your phone... ;) as soon as they try to create a new Google account or log into an existing account (even after resetting the data on the phone) (without it Google Play Store won't work).. If someone is “synchronizing data” between two devices because they bought a new phone, how do you imagine this process? It could be sending everything from phone A to the cloud, and then from the cloud to phone B. So you gave all your sex tapes and nudes and all the secrets of your life to Apple/Google... The most dangerous thing is that if these devices need to download/upload data from the Internet, you give them access to your internal LAN, which in most cases means your Wi-Fi password. This is 100 times more controversial than the fact that this little robot drives around your carpet and knows the square footage of your room. Hiding the fact that someone is viewing your Wi-Fi password would be child's play under the guise of IoT device debugging data. BTW, I heard that one of the most famous cybersecurity here experts got hacked. He revealed it himself to show how easy it is to do. Fortunately for him, the hacker was a pentester and told him himself that he had screwed up. The guy made a website using AI, some kind of “AI Cursor.” 18k+ lines of code generated. Web hosting project. The AI set up the Apache server itself. People told him that directory listing had been forgotten to be disabled, and what were the consequences? Someone (pentester) discovered that one of the directories was .git. And it had the entire source code of the entire website project. The pentester downloaded 2700+ files from this project. He read and analyzed the source code. And he created his own 70 GB VPS, just like that, with access to all the server's databases.

I mainly drink beer. I only drink vodka when someone buys me a drink. I can't even remember when I last bought vodka, it must have been around 2015-2016 on New Year's Eve. And I make drinks with vodka anyway. We had a situation here in the country this year where supermarket security detained a relatively young man and took him to the office where they waited for the police, and he opened the vodka he had stolen (0.7L) and drank it in one gulp. And he died. When the police arrived to give him a ticket for ~$140 for theft, they performed CPR on him.

..now you know why Russians drink so much vodka... ;)

You have depression. It's a chemical reaction. It could be caused by reversible or irreversible factors in the past, or these factors are still in your environment. Irreversible factors, like the death of a loved one or the death of a child, are difficult to come to terms with. Reversible factors are within your control. People who only talk and listen, those you say you don't want to pay, only force you to analyze yourself while confessing on their couch. If you're intelligent, you can conduct such an analysis yourself, and for free. To heal the brain damaged by prolonged depression, you can use pharmacology (i.e., chemicals; but they are usually either illegal or prescription (which you won't get because they didn't prescribe it to you) ) or just food. Very good results are achieved after eating very spicy food (Carolina Reaper style). Eat spicy food for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. For months. This causes a positive reaction in the brain. Positive thinking allows you to reprogram yourself. Start by changing your place of residence, changing jobs, etc. This will eliminate environmental factors. And a breath of fresh air in your life. Go on trips/excursions, to other countries, to warm countries, explore the mountains and surround yourself with beautiful places where you can say “how beautiful it is here”... Going to a job you hate when you've depression is a pretty bad idea. It only deepens depression. Chemicals such as alcohol, marijuana (it also depends on the variety of the plant, but that's a topic for a completely different story), etc. are also a bad idea - they are depressants. The goal is right - to suppress negative emotions to the point of flying away - but it won't have lasting effects. You prefer to get such advice for free from online people you don't know and have never seen. Right. That makes sense... ;)

I don't think that in the near future it will be able to detect the examples you gave. Detecting seat belts when someone is wearing black clothes and/or has tinted windows? That's not very realistic. *) Detecting children or dogs in the back seat?! The rear seats are not visible at all to such cameras. Detecting license plates is difficult enough in itself. The faster someone is driving, the more blurred the image is. At 70 km/h, a vehicle travels 19.4 meters in one second. At 30/60 fps, this gives ~ 65 cm/frame and ~ 32 cm/frame, respectively. Your phone has a sports mode that allows you to take better quality photos by shortening the exposure time. But this, in turn, means that nighttime, cloudy, and rainy conditions will be recorded less well. This sport mode only reduces blurring, it does not eliminate it completely. It registers fewer photons. In order not to lose quality, it must be took in good lighting (lots of photons). *) ChatGPT calculated that 1 pixel of a 4K camera (3840 x 2160 pixels) corresponds to 3 cm when the camera is 100 m away from the car. I think the whole process will look completely different. AI will analyze the car at point A (first camera) and look for it at point B (another camera). The distance between A and B is constant and known, so we just divide by the number of seconds and check if it exceeds the average. So, for example, our 19.4 m/s for 70 km/h limit. If so, it will search for that car on the exits from highway, comparing only the appearance of the vehicles. And there, at low speed, it will get a clear image of the license plates. Human assistance will still be needed to check if plates were good enough and cars were not mixed. Detecting someone who is speeding (or riding with someone who is speeding) can be done by analyzing the login logs to GSM network base stations. If someone does this regularly, they will often be at the very top of such a database, so all you have to do is wait for them to drive off the highway. You shouldn't go overboard with enforcement here. Sometimes speeding up and exceeding the limit is necessary to avoid an accident. ps. Now imagine how absurd this is: cameras to catch drivers and give them tickets are everywhere, people have them in their cars, especially in Western countries, but planes don't have video recorders to capture what pilots are doing, even though the lives of hundreds of passengers depend on their mistakes.. When pilots report an emergency, all data from their cockpit could be sent to headquarters in real time, and a whole team of people could analyze it even before the crash. Depending on the type of fault, this drop from 10 km to 0 can last up to 15-20 minutes after engine failure.

Since you mention biology, you might be interested in a water pump and/or solenoid valve for turning on watering. You can also combine this with a water moisture detection module so that your Arduino project waters the plants on its own. Soldering , preheater, hot air gun, all with temperature control in one piece: Cost $250 (preheater small size, so not good for mobos except mobile)

To desolder and repair, you will also need items such as 1L of IPA, distilled water (to clean dirt and/or flooded laptops) - it must be evaporated well - use IPA + hot air for this, ear sticks. But these are negligible costs. A desoldering hot air gun can be stand-alone or built into a soldering iron. The cheapest stand-alone model I've seen costs 8 USD (when it is good device you can control temperature with potentiometer and LED screen) If you don't intend to repair electronics professionally, there's no point in overpaying for fancy soldering stations. You'll use it once in a blue moon (i.e., never). Electronic boards may have internal tracks that are hidden. multi-layer boards. Such boards are extremely difficult and/or impossible to repair, and in most cases, it ends up being a waste of time. How can the internal layers be damaged? Water from flooding, warping of the board due to uneven heating (because you don't have a preheater, which is quite expensive equipment (entire computer/laptop mobo must fit in it), and you used a regular hot air gun from a soldering iron or a stand-alone device), or an electronic component explosion and charring underneath it due to high temperature (caused by high current flow and/or excessive voltage). Charring allows current to pass with high resistance in random places that are completely unintended for this, what damages other elements. As a beginner, you are unlikely to encounter such hardcore problems, and if you see such a hole in the board, you will probably just throw it on the pile of potential components to be used in other repairs. To perform CPU/GPU repairs, you must have a BGA resoldering kit with balls and nets, various sizes of balls and nets. They are sold in sets containing, for example, 25,000 balls, so once you buy them, you probably won't use them up in your lifetime. But these are already “serious repairs”.. This requires a microscope and a hot air to melt these balls. If you make a mistake and they stick together, or if one is missing, the CPU will burn out. Processors are not resistant to hot air that has no temperature control. The simplest project on Arduino is simply turning the built-in LED on and off. If you connect a digital pin to a 120/240V relay, you can control a serious electrical device such as a light bulb or motor. If you buy a slightly more expensive Arduino clone that has built-in WiFi (I see them for $7 here), in the fraction of time I spent writing this post, you can make your own HTTP server on that WiFi. There is a library for this. A few lines of code are enough. You can access such a server via your cell phone and remotely control lights and/or motors and/or TV and/or refrigerator, etc. Here is a simple example of flashing a light bulb with Arduino: To complete this project, you do not need 95% of the items I mentioned above; just an Arduino, a relay, and male-female quick connectors will suffice. You don't even need a soldering iron here. To control the motor speed, instead of using a digital pin, you can use an analog pin and a transistor and a separate power from the external power supply (devices up to 5W can be connected directly to the Arduino). Arduino has a power supply input. However, it only accepts 5V. 12V+ is not recommended. This may not be enough for the motors. Or you would have to tinker with some step-up/boost-up modules to convert 5V to 12V or 24V which will be enough for a more powerful motor.

An electronics technician needs: a multimeter, a soldering iron (preferably with adjustable temperature, but these are more expensive), a solder sucker, a set of screwdrivers of various types, miniature tweezers (such as those used for plucking nose hair), and an antistatic mat may also be useful. If you intend to repair phones, there are special mats with designated places to put screws, which will prevent them from getting lost. e.g.: Their prices are so low that if I were you, I would immediately order one for repairing phones and one normal large one. A cell phone repair kit would also be useful—they are very cheap. Around $5 for Android and $5 for iPhone. If you also have a 3D printer or a more expensive soldering iron with a built-in hot tip, then you have everything you need to repair a damaged phone screen. (The filament 3D printer has an adjustable printing surface temperature. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fused_filament_fabrication The cheapest FFF/FDM 3d printer from Creality Ender-3 costs 250-300 USD) That's probably everything that's cheap and for everyone. More expensive items include adjustable power supplies, both voltage and current, which prevent exceeding the range. These devices can be purchased for between $50 and $200. Even more expensive items include microscopes for electronics engineers (although there are some imitation models available for less than $25—I have one, and it works fine, but it is slow rate at 640x480). An IR camera is very useful for checking which component is heating up the most, i.e., is likely to be damaged because unlimited current and/or excessive voltage is flowing through The cheapest IR cameras cost around $300-400 and connect to cell phones via USB. I've seen some junk for less than $100, but they have a resolution of around 32 pixels or something like that, so it's better to go for higher resolution. An oscilloscope is a useful but expensive tool. $100-$500. However, it can be simulated using Arduino and a voltage divider and/or an opto element that will buffer between the circuit and Arduino. An oscilloscope will allow you to see what current and/or voltage is flowing through a given circuit over time. This way, you can find out whether the computer is booting and at which stage it fails. More expensive laboratory power supplies have their own current/voltage consumption graph on a time chart. The repair procedure for any electronic device is as follows: connect a laboratory power supply to the device, point an IR camera at it, and start increasing the voltage and current from 0V/0A (remember to zero it prior connecting!), watching which components heat up. You reach the voltage that it gets from the power supply at the factory (search the net/read etiquette). You see if it draws current, and you adjust it along with the voltage. If it's a simple fault, the damaged component usually lights up on the IR camera. Then you start analyzing whether it exceeds its parameters and why this may be happening. A typical component that breaks down is an electrolytic capacitor that has worn out and whose parameters have changed, causing it to no longer meet the basic design specifications. Sometimes you can even see which components have burned out and literally exploded. This often happens with capacitors, for example, and sometimes with resistors and chips (they then have a hole in their casing). If the CPU or another chip is damaged, you will still have a problem finding a replacement. Often, you have to buy other devices, the same model, and transplant them, cannibalize them. Chips can be non-programmable or programmable. To repair a programmable chip, you not only have to re-solder it, but also copy and extract data from the old broken one. Various readers are used for this purpose. That's a different story and a different level of difficulty. To properly replace such a chip or CPU on a computer or laptop motherboard, a so-called preheater is useful. If you intend to solder a lot of cables, you may also consider purchasing a soldering pot. Their prices vary depending on their tin capacity and power. If you don't intend to repair but design electronic circuits, you will need breadboards and cables for them (male-male, male-female, and female-female), as well as quick connectors for breadboards. Cheap. $5 for a large breadboard. A set of cables for them probably costs $5-10. Arduino is a must-have. Raspberry Pi optional. You don't need starter-kit - it is a waste of money. You don't need original - clone is good and cheap too. $10 for Arduino-clone is fine price. I hope this is enough to get you started on your adventure with repairing and/or building electronics. Your wallet is your limit.. ;)

KingKobra, from your arguments, it seems that you are giving science some human-like attributes.. Which is basically absurd (but very typical for humanists).. Now the absurdity of your argument has been further reinforced by your ignorance of mathematics. If we take the number of people who die in current wars, terrorist attacks, disasters, whatever, and divide it by the total population, we get a tiny percentage. It is the mass media (and the speed they share some unverified information) that blow these tiny numbers up to gigantic proportions because that is how they make money. And if we compare this to what happened a thousand or two thousand years ago, the loss of 100,000 people today vs. 100,000 people 2,000 years ago (with a world population several dozen times smaller) looks completely different. How can we talk to humanists? Go learn some math! Science has nothing to do with the problems you are talking about. So how could this indicate the limits of science? Which science discipline? Humanities or real science? Science is not a living entity, and it should not be endowed with any humanistic, fantastical attributes.

I know that. It must be forum software bug, because I quoted Patch Cabbage, not you.. I don't know which part of my post was grumpy. Was it when I wrote “This is nonsense” to summarize his post.. ? I copied and pasted his post into ChatGPT (without suggesting my answer), just in case I had made a mistake in the translation, and it agreed with me that the post didn't make sense. For example, ChatGPT: "CRT televisions rely on careful HV safety design. That modification could have been extremely dangerous, even if it “worked”. " (about replacing transformer by resistor+diode).. "The person is expressing real safety concerns, but much of their reasoning is incorrect or based on misunderstandings." "Their message reflects anxiety, personal anecdotal experience, and some misconceptions—not an accurate technical assessment." OK. I will try..

You can use a 250 V-rated capacitor in a 25 V circuit, as long as the capacitance value is correct. The voltage rating just indicates the maximum voltage the capacitor can safely handle. Sometimes manufacturers use components with higher voltage ratings simply because they had them in stock and/or they were cheaper. It doesn’t mean the design is ‘dangerous’. This is not a rule. BTW, to rectify 230/240 VAC, capacitors rated at 400 V (!) are used, not 250 V. So you're wrong anyway..