# All Activity

1. Past hour
2. ## Space is information (split from What is Space made of?)

! Moderator Note No model, no testable predictions, no support, despite multiple requests. IOW, closed. Don't bring this topic up again.
3. ## My Theory on dark matter

! Moderator Note Moved to speculations. We require some sort of model, testable prediction and/or evidence for this discussion, as per the speculations guidelines.
4. ## Space is information (split from What is Space made of?)

The fact that you think it is impossible is irrelevant and, given that we can measure the effects, a little childish. As you keep posting more nonsense with no attempt to provide a model or any evidence, I will request this thread is closed.
5. ## Space is information (split from What is Space made of?)

Again the many observations and model determine that you are wrong. And with regards to time, have you heard of time dilation? Time will run slower wherever gravity caused by spacetime warpage in the present of mass/energy is strongest, as seen in an outside frame of reference..
6. ## Derivation of neutrino mass from neutrino scattering...

Affirmative, revision complete. Derivation of neutrino mass from neutrino scattering: $\;$ $\theta$ - scattered neutrino angle $\phi$ - electron recoil angle $E_{\nu i}$ - initial neutrino total energy $E_{\nu f}$ - final neutrino total energy $E_{e}$ - electron total energy $E_{\nu}$ - neutrino total energy Scattered particles rebounding with relativistic momentum have total energy: $E_{e} = \gamma_{e} m_{e} c^{2} \; \; \; \; \; \; E_{\nu} = \gamma_{\nu} m_{\nu} c^{2}$ Where $m_{e}$ and $m_{\nu}$ are the particle rest masses. $\gamma_{e}$ and $\gamma_{\nu}$ are the Lorentz factors. (ref. 1) $\;$ Observational measurements of both particle total energy and velocity, it is possible to calculate the particle rest masses $m_{e}$ and $m_{\nu}$: $\boxed{m_{e} = \frac{E_{e}}{\gamma_{e} c^{2}}} \; \; \; \; \; \; \boxed{m_{\nu} = \frac{E_{\nu}}{\gamma_{\nu} c^{2}}} \tag{0}$ $\;$ $E_{e} \sin \phi = E_{\nu f} \sin \theta \tag{1}$ $\;$ $E_{e} \cos \phi + E_{\nu f} \cos \theta = E_{\nu i} \tag{2}$ $\;$ Isolate $E_{e} \cos \phi$ from equation (2): $E_{e} \cos \phi = E_{\nu i} - E_{\nu f} \cos \theta \tag{3}$ $\;$ Divide equation (1) by equation (3) for an expression for $\tan \phi$. $\;$ $\tan \phi = \frac{E_{\nu f} \sin \theta}{E_{\nu i} - E_{\nu f} \cos \theta} = \frac{\sin \theta}{\frac{E_{\nu i}}{E_{\nu f}} - \cos \theta} \tag{4}$ $\;$ Acquire a substitution for $\frac{E_{\nu i}}{E_{\nu f}}$ to eliminate $E_{\nu f}$. Use the Compton equation, which can be rearranged to yield $\frac{\lambda_{\nu f}}{\lambda_{\nu i}} = \frac{E_{\nu i}}{E_{\nu f}}$ in terms of $\lambda_{\nu i}$ alone. $\;$ $\frac{\lambda_{\nu f}}{\lambda_{\nu i}} = \frac{E_{\nu i}}{E_{\nu f}} \tag{5}$ $\;$ $\frac{\lambda_{\nu f}}{\lambda_{\nu i}} = \frac{E_{\nu i}}{E_{\nu f}} = 1 + \frac{E_{\nu i}}{E_{e}} \left(1 - \cos \theta \right) = 1 + \frac{\gamma_{\nu} m_{\nu} c^2}{\gamma_{e} m_{e} c^2} \left(1 - \cos \theta \right) = 1 + \frac{\gamma_{\nu} m_{\nu}}{\gamma_{e} m_{e}} \left(1 - \cos \theta \right) \tag{6}$ $\;$ Substituting equation (6) into equation (4) and eliminate $E_{\nu i}$ and $E_{\nu f}$ in favor of $m_{\nu}$ alone. $\tan \phi = \frac{\sin \theta}{\frac{E_{\nu i}}{E_{\nu f}} - \cos \theta} = \frac{\sin \theta}{1 + \frac{\gamma_{\nu} m_{\nu}}{\gamma_{e} m_{e}} \left(1 - \cos \theta \right) - \cos \theta} = \frac{\sin \theta}{\left(1 + \frac{\gamma_{\nu} m_{\nu}}{\gamma_{e} m_{e}} \right)\left(1 - \cos \theta \right)} \tag{7}$ $\;$ Utilizing a trigonometric identity produces the desired result, specifically: $\frac{1 - \cos \theta}{\sin \theta} = \tan \left(\frac{\theta}{2} \right) \tag{8}$ $\;$ Substituting this trigonometric identity into equation (7) results in: $\left(1 + \frac{\gamma_{\nu} m_{\nu}}{\gamma_{e} m_{e}} \right) \tan \phi = \cot \frac{\theta}{2} \tag{9}$ $\;$ Solve for neutrino rest mass $m_{\nu}$: $\tan \phi + \frac{\gamma_{\nu} m_{\nu}}{\gamma_{e} m_{e}} \tan \phi = \cot \frac{\theta}{2} \tag{10}$ $\;$ $\frac{\gamma_{\nu} m_{\nu}}{\gamma_{e} m_{e}} \tan \phi = \left(\cot \frac{\theta}{2} - \tan \phi \right) \tag{11}$ $\;$ Electron-neutrino scattering neutrino rest mass: $\boxed{m_{\nu} = \frac{\gamma_{e} m_{e} \cot \phi}{\gamma_{\nu}} \left(\cot \frac{\theta}{2} - \tan \phi \right)} \tag{12}$ $\;$ Nuclear-neutrino scattering neutrino rest mass: $\boxed{m_{\nu} = \frac{\gamma_{n} m_{n} \cot \phi}{\gamma_{\nu}} \left(\cot \frac{\theta}{2} - \tan \phi \right)} \tag{13}$ $m_{n}$ - nuclear rest mass $\;$ Electron interaction neutrino scattering angle $\theta$: $\boxed{\theta = 2 \operatorname{arccot} \left(\frac{\left(\gamma_{e} m_{e} + \gamma_{\nu} m_{\nu} \right) \tan \phi}{\gamma_{e} m_{e}} \right)} \tag{14}$ $\;$ Neutrino interaction electron recoil angle $\phi$: $\boxed{\phi = \arctan \left(\frac{\gamma_{e} m_{e} \cot \frac{\theta}{2}}{\gamma_{e} m_{e} + \gamma_{\nu} m_{\nu}} \right)} \tag{15}$ $\;$ Nuclear interaction neutrino scattering angle $\theta$: $\boxed{\theta = 2 \operatorname{arccot} \left(\frac{\left(\gamma_{n} m_{n} + \gamma_{\nu} m_{\nu} \right) \tan \phi}{\gamma_{n} m_{n}} \right)} \tag{16}$ $\;$ Neutrino interaction nuclear recoil angle $\phi$: $\boxed{\phi = \arctan \left(\frac{\gamma_{n} m_{n} \cot \frac{\theta}{2}}{\gamma_{n} m_{n} + \gamma_{\nu} m_{\nu}} \right)} \tag{17}$ $\;$ Any discussions and/or peer reviews about this specific topic thread? $\;$ Reference: Wikipedia - Lorentz factor: (ref. 1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_factor Wikipedia - Compton scattering - Derivation of the scattering formula: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_scattering#Derivation_of_the_scattering_formula Physics 253 - Compton Scattering - Patrick LeClair http://pleclair.ua.edu//PH253/Notes/compton.pdf Orion1 - Neutrino mass from Fermi-Dirac statistics...: https://www.scienceforums.net/topic/90189-neutrino-mass-from-fermi-dirac-statistics/ Science News - Neutrinos seen scattering off an atom’s nucleus for the first time: https://www.sciencenews.org/article/neutrinos-seen-scattering-atoms-nucleus-first-time
7. Today
8. ## Space is information (split from What is Space made of?)

That is what I can not really grasp. The recognition you shared is meaning, that mass can impact the fabric of space-time, which we can recognize as gravity. If space can be impacted by mass than time is impacted by mass. Time gives the age of the Universe, so that fundamental information could be impacted, through gravity by mass. I think that is impossible. Gravity I speculate what happens to Energies and Matters Space (path) and Time (velocity) in the presence of mass.
9. ## Help Needed on Science Friendly Software

Superb - I have to check this out. Thank you. Hope it is royalty free.
10. ## How did Theranos get started?

Tbf, this is true for a lot of those folks. Investors are rarely interested in the technical stuff. It is telling that she targeted tech investors and not do much pharm.
11. ## My Theory on dark matter

It sounds like the idea is not matching what is observed, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullet_Cluster for instance. Observations of colliding galaxy clusters show, as far as I know, that the effects of gravity lensing is not necessarily aligned with the location of baryonic.
12. ## Space is information (split from What is Space made of?)

I had the same issue myself a few years ago when I first came here to the forums, I had it mixed up like your post above. Consider this, Gravity is what happens to spacetime geometry in presence of mass. Gravity is not mass, gravity itself is the bending and warping of spacetime and we perceive it as humans as a change in weight.
13. ## What Science Does to me

Depends on your future career, what career do you want in future
14. ## What is faith?

Yes, thank you.
15. ## My Theory on dark matter

Spacetime is potentially the combined information of all the infinite fields woven together or some role player in it, and we can see from gravitional waves that matter and gravity can interact with spacetime. With one interaction proven it is also possible that the density of spacetime and or all the fields is greater around supermassive bodies such as galactic center black holes or star clusters allowing for gravity to have a stronger effect on the formation and binding of galaxies than we’ve expressed with math based on spacetime and fields having no or the wrong value and function. The increased density would create a differentiation from galactic centers gravity and the edge of the galaxy, there’s already the relativity of time potentially an expression of field or spacetime density as the fields are information and energy and as denser closer to the black hole the information can be processed and transferred through states or through expressions up or down in direction giving us the increase in times duration as your closer to supermassive bodies. Because of density everything happens faster yet at the same relative rates. Any feedback is welcome just an aspiring theoretical astrophysicist trying to learn and grow. Thank you
16. ## Ultrasound - What is the size of the smallest feature observable

Okay so it's just 1540/11 million. Got it, thanks!
17. ## What factor does the amplitutde change?

I do now, figured it out, thanks!
18. Yesterday
19. ## Using a vaporizer: Dangerous?

Well. it's not "entirely harmless", it's just less harmful than smoking (that was the reason I switched to vaporization a year ago). I usually read sites with the newest researches such as ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (it's US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health) or vapingdaily.com (it's on vaping and quitting smoking - found it last year while quitting).
20. ## Space is information (split from What is Space made of?)

I have seen nothing in what You have so far said, that shows your hypothetical invalidates GR, or makes verifiable predictions above and beyond GR. Science/cosmology on the other hand, has recently supported two predictions of GR that stems from its equations over the last couple of years...Gravitational waves and BH's. If in your first statement you are somehow inferring that the universe is expanding faster then light [is this what you mean by c2 ?] then that can be explained... ...https://www.space.com/33306-how-does-the-universe-expand-faster-than-light.html and also the universal speed limit of "c" applies to anything with mass.
21. ## shape of concrete drill bits

Not what you really want but you could look at the manufacturers sites and read their blurb behind their designs. If you look at the most expensive ones vs the budget ones you can see why the former might be better and the function of each aspect. For instance, good drills are double fluted with a high number of turns in the spiral for more efficient clearance and also sharper edges on the spiral so that the hole sides are cut cleaner, like a revolving chisel. The tungsten tip in good SDS bits often have a cross-shaped cutting edge so that the hole face is chipped finer and faster, which can lead to easier clearance. I like the Black and Decker Bullet tips for hammer drills, which have tips that are concave-pointed as opposed to straight-pointed, which is the norm. They seem to punch a hole better as opposed to just scraping a hole out and getting hot, like the conventional tips. I can do harder material with those bullet bits in a DIY battery hammer drill that I can't do with conventional bits... AND they can be used again and again! I don't know anything about tungsten quality, so that might matter as well.
22. ## shape of concrete drill bits

im a tradie who has spent his life with all kinds of tools. we often take for granted the thought that goes into designing most of these tools. so i was drilling heaps of holes into stone last week. something ive done many times but not really thinking bout it. i tried a different drill bit and was surprised how different it was. so then i got thinking about the science behind drill bit design and how i can learn more about it. after all, knowledge means being able to better choose the right tool for the job. ive tried to find a youtube vid about this but cant. specifically id like to learn,for example, why/how the spirals are different shapes and angles, and the tungsten is different on different stone/concrete bits. can anyone steer me towards a video or something. only really about the tungsten drill bits.
23. ## Space is information (split from What is Space made of?)

I think we all know what "bit" means. But you said "a bit of information" which, by itself is meaningless. Now, when are you going to present your mathematical model?
24. ## Space is information (split from What is Space made of?)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit
25. ## Space is information (split from What is Space made of?)

What does "expands with c2" mean? What does it mean for space-time to expand? What does "every point in it represents the value of 0" mean? "A bit of Information." is not a sentence. What is it supposed to mean? "A basic reference point (line, volume)." Also not a sentence. What is it supposed to mean? When are you going to present your mathematical model?
26. ## Space is information (split from What is Space made of?)

Space-time is a 4D coordinate system which expands with c2 and every point in it represents the value of 0. A bit of Information. A basic reference point (line, volume).
27. ## Space is information (split from What is Space made of?)

I certainly have not seen anything that invalidates GR, or anything that makes verifiable predictions beyond GR. GR works, the model is overwhelmingly successful and 100 year old predictions have been validated due to improved technological equipment and research.
28. ## Space is information (split from What is Space made of?)

No you haven't. You have not shown any mathematics.You have just made some vague claims. You claimed to have a model but said it is "too speculative" for the Speculations forum. Then you should not have any problem showing the math.