Applied Chemistry

In a farm land, we add ammonium sulphate to lower the alkaline of the soil. What's the reaction? Ammonia and sulphate ion and hydrogen ions? and to reduce the acidity, we add some calcium oxide, quicklime, why not add some calcium hydroxide, slaked lime?

I'm interested in the elecyro-chemical side of cold fusion. I have had a go at cold fusion using potassium carbonaye solution with copper and aluminium electodes and as the solution was heated, with 200v 0.6amps going trough, I witnessed the rapid dicintegration of the aluminium anode. Can anyone please explain

what is a disadvantage of using diffential staining (dyes to increase the speciman's contrast) in light microscopes?

3SnCl4 + 4Al(C2H5)3 -> 3Sn(C2H5)4 + 4AlCl3 In one experiment, 0.100L of SnCl4 (d=2.226g/mL) was treated with 0.189L of Al(C2H5)3, (d=0.835g/mL) What is the theoretical yield in this experiment (mass of Sn(C2H5)4)? please help!

There was a report on bbc news on thursday night about the research facility at Porton Down - theyd developed a new way to make biological warfare protection suits. It didnt go into much technical detail but they put fabrics into what looked like a big flourescent tube and the fabric was then coated in fluorine or a flruoine compound. liquids of any sort seemd to be unable to penetrate any fabric treated - water simply cascaded off the fabric like drops of mercury. the process was shown on a neck tie and red wine just slid down it without a stain of any kind. anyone know any more? it looked amazing - obviously fluorine has been used in this general application before but …

Is there a mathematical way/formula to find the number of water molecules in hydrates? If someone knows the formula, could you plz also show steps to coming to that formula. Thx alot

What is the definition of a displacement reaction? In aqeuous solution? Moreover, sulphur dioxide dissolve in water to give out hydrogen ions and sulphate ions? And, what is the reaction for a concentrated nitric acid reacts with a metal or a carbonates or hydrogencarbonates?

Have any of you ever been in a chemistry lab or a store-room and saw something lying around that just made you go at the sight of it? It's happened to me a couple of times. High School: A half gallon of bromine in the chemical room. Yeah it was sealed and heavily wrapped, but still, a half gallon? 125 gram lump of white phosphorus. Various unlabelled chemicals of varying colors which we were never able to identify and too nervous to touch. College: Old biology closets where VERY old specimens were in jars of picric acid which had evaporated into a dangerous yellow crust. (Bomb squad had to come in and remove the jars and subsequently detonate them…

My chemistry master has asks me to do an experiment to find out the how to change the melting point of ice, up or down. What i need to do is write a complete report on how i intent to show that i can increase the melting point of ice by adding salt and i also need to show the sensivity eg. number of degrees melting point increased compared to the concentration change of salt. After this i have to try and get the value degrees per concentration for other salts. LiCl,KCl,MgCl,CaCl. I am guessing this with all increase the melting point. Can anybody suggest a plan for the experiment and estimate how much change in concentrations i will need to make a noticable m…

I have lots of leaves piled up under my deck, which extends from the back of my house and is elevated about 4 feet off the ground. The deck has wooden trellices from the dirt up to the floor level to enclose the empty space, and a lot of leaves have accumulated in this space. If one corner of the space under the deck is about 3 feet high with leaves, does this create a fire hazard? If so, would smoothing them out to the rest of the space, such that they were not elevated much above the ground, make it safe? Thanks in advance.

i have been researching this compound and sources are conflicting one another, some say it breaks down to a chlorite or chlorate, others chlorine and oxygen, also some say it can be a liquid, others only a gas, some say explosive, some merely say it breaks down. Can anyone give me a DIFFINITIVE list of properties

How can you find what the compound is by knowing its mass and percentage compostions. For example a sample of a compound weighs 650 mg. It contains 257 mg of carbon, 50.4 mg of hydrogen, thus leaves us with 342.6 mg of oxygen. I worked out the percentage compositions to 38.5% C, 7.75% H and and 52.8% O. How can I find what this substance is? Thanx in advance

Hi I am designing a thermodynamic process which uses a Helium/Xenon gas to drive the Turbines. I am not to familiar with Helium and its properties when put under extreme temperatures of around 800 to 1000 C. The biggest concern I have is corrosive effects of the Helium on the material used for the piping. I will be using some alloy of stainless steel to construct the pipes. The danger is if the pipes experience corrosive effects then there will be a leak and this could cause contamination of the thermodynamic (secondary loop). Any help on this would be great! Thank you. Fischhaber Go Army Branch: EN

Hi, I figured I could try making some H2(g) in my kitchen. Who knows when I will need a source of hydrogen gass . I attached a couple of wires to a 9V battery (smoke detector type), and put them into a bowl of water. Nothing happened, so I disolved some salt (I guess I should have used normal NaCl for simplicity, but ended up with a mixure of 50% NaCl, 40% KCl and 10% MgSO4, some health version). Surely, bubbles started to appear. After about 10 seconds the battery was running really hot. At first sight I though it worked as planned, but I could only see bubbles from one of the wires. ??? I tried putting a lighter flame on top of the water but couldn't notic…

sorry to have to ask this, If I had more time, I`de find out for myself! has anyone ever taken apparts a Ni-Cad battery before? there`s a metalic Mesh (magnetic) with plenty equaly spaced holes in it, with a cake of a brittle shiney black material coating it, that will easily crumble and fall away when the mesh is flattened. which part is the Nickel, I don`t want the cadmiuim, just the largest portion of the Nickel. the brittle stuff is magnetic too, so magnetic detection is out the window. the last time I tried this was a year or so ago, and I did get my green nickel sulphate, but for the life of me I can`t rem how any help guys? edit: btw,…

I`m sure most folks are aware that KNO3 is used as the most common oxidiser in Pyrotechnics (gunpower, lifting charges, fuses etc...). has anyone here explored the possibility of using Other metal Nitrates instead? I`ve recently made a small batch of Iron Nitrate Fe(NO3)3 I already have Copper Nitrate Cu(NO3)2 and plan on making Aluminium Nitrate Al(NO3)3 since it`s the NO3 part that creates the desired effect, I`m wondering if having 3 x (NO3) ions in a single molecule might be more effective than the single (NO3) in KNO3? anyone here ever experimented with these before? and does it procuce "more bang for your buck"? edit, the method I`ll use is Fi…

I have an aqueous solution containing i sulfate ions, what would be a diffinitive test for chloride ions without getting a false postive from the sulfate ions

I was reading about a neutron capture experiment http://www.dartmouth.edu/~physics/labs/p1/lab4.pdf Silver was placed in a paraffin block with Americrum (as an alpha source) and Beryllium to produce neutrons. The paraffin was supposed to slow down the neutrons or "thermalize" them so they can be captured. According to this lab, Ag when bombarded with slow neutrons will capture them and then decay to eaither Cd or Pd depending on the isotope of Ag. So my question is how long would you have to expose the Ag to the neutrons to convert a majority of it to Cd and Pd? And once converted can these elements be seperated? Basicially i want to know if i can make a valuable e…

Industrial Method: PO4-3 + C + SiO2 --(1500 or so celsius)-->P + SiO3-2 + CO2 the phosphate should be an alkali or alkaline earth. the carbon alone COULD work, although it would require higher temperatures to oxidize the carbon to form the carbonate. at lower temperatures the phosphide would be produced instead. as long as we are considering high temperature reduction, let us consider my recent hypothesizing: PO4-3 + Al --(quite high temps but not as high)-->P + Al2O4-2 not too cost effective and certainly with low yield unless really high temperatures used PO4-3 + Al + S --(considerably cooler than industrial method)-->SO3-2+Al2O3 my only r…

how do i know when to incorporate the Kw constant into the calculation of the pH of an acid? eg. i have 1x10^-8 mol dm^-3 HNO3. a ridiculously small amount of acid in water... this means that the H30+ from the dissociation of the water actually is greater than this acid: 1x10^-7. my question is how do i know not to incorporate it into an strong acid equation.

LOL, during my lunch break, sitting here a bit bored, I was pondering about what to do with some of the Red Phosphorus I`de made a week or so earlier, I figured I`de have a go at making my own Match 4 parts Potassium Chlorate 1 part sulpher 1 part Red Phosphorus 1 part Dextrin (as the binder) all are in VERY fine powder form, I put them in a watch glass and mixed them thouroughly, being VERY carefull of any friction! never make more than half a gram at a time. add a drop of water and stir until it becomes a paste, dip your peices of wood in it and get a good coating on one end, allow to dry (I used a warm air blower for speed). then you need some sand paper, …

refer: http://www.lateralscience.co.uk/C60/C60.html and more specifically: http://www.lateralscience.co.uk/C60/C60pics/C60app.jpg my question is how one could produce such an apparatus at home. the concept of making fullerenes fascinates me, although i really dont know what to do with regard to apparatus setup. also, is it just me or is that letter really amusing?

ok, so im going to be making some rocket propellent. it will consist of ammonium perchlorate, aluminum powder, HTPB, isonate, DOA and HX878. my question is. i want to make a green flame propellent, and i want it have almost the same ISP as the above propellent. now, what should i use to make i green? wont barrium nitrate slash the ISP?

I recently bought around 90 lithium batteries from a government auction. They are the button type measuring a little under an inch across. What could i use these for? besides their intended electrical use. When disassembled there are 2 halves, one is full of what appears to be carbon powder and some sort of electrolyte, and the other side is just a chunk of Li metal. One neat thing i discovered is that the Li ignites from friction and violently burns a hot red colo(u)r. It burned so hot that it ate away a little crater in the concrete. I like to make fireworks and was thinking the Li could make some nice effects. I have lots of KNO3 and was thinking about trying to is…

I need to purify some water, but I don't have one of those fancy moonshiner gadgets. I was wondering what you guys use to distill things. Would a clean cup-at-a-time coffee maker distill the water well, since it heats the water to steam which then condenses and drips through your coffee?