Organic Chemistry

I need help coming up with an explanation for these. I am lost. 1. Nitration of aniline with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid produces mostly m-nitroaniline. Why? 2. How does the basicity of the nitrogen atom of acetanilide compare with that for aniline?

For the "Borohydride Reduction of Vanillin to Vanillyl Alcohol" reaction, the equation is:(NOT looking for the procedure, but the hypothetical amount of each compound needed) 4(vanillin) + NaBH4 +4H20 --(in NaOH solution)-->> 4(Vanillyl alcohol) + H3BO3 + 4NaOH If the starting material is 25 mmol of vanillin, how much Sodium Borohydride___, Sodium Hydroxide___ HCl___ is needed to complete this reaction? 25mmolx(1 mol/1000mmol)x(152.2 M.W./1 mol)=.4g (400mg) of vanillin (the starting material). But from here, can someone show how much the rest of the chemicals are needed? The Physical Properties Vanillin - 152.2 M.W. Sodium Borohydride - 37.8…

Can someone explain to me how those two are formed naturally? I know what they are, it's just how they are formed in nature baffles me.

I have an unknown that gives a positive 2,4-DNP test, a positive Tollens test, however, the chromic acid test is negative. What could possibly yield those results. I ran the tests 3 times and got the same result. Maybe contamination? Im suspecting maybe I did the chromic acid test wrong or something, because the other 2 tests point towards an aldehyde.

what (and why) is the difference between Benzene and 1,3,5 cyclohexatriene? this has been bugging me for ages, and the only Reasonable answer I`v ever had was something to do with the C C bond length being different in them. however there was No explanation as to Why it was different or would be different (if indeed that Is the reason). does any Actually know? feel free to use stick diagrams or whatever diagram you think will show the difference.

How are you What is the method of preparation collidine ? Thank you

Can some one help me out by giving me a balanced equation for the Nitration of Methyl Benzoate???

Just wondering what the mechanism is for forming tetralin from benzene and tetrahydrofuran using sulfuric acid. I know the aicd breaks the tetrahydrofuran ring by protonation but what happens from there?

Here's the generic Reaction: *Underscores mean subscripts CHCl_3, AlCl_3 ArH ---------------> Ar_3C+ I'm understanding this to be a carbon atom (with a carbocation) attached to 3 phenyl groups If replacing ArH with m-xylene, would the product have a phenyl ortho between the methyl groups and then have two more phenyl groups, each para to each methyl group? This is all I can think of since steric hindrance and carbocation stability play a role. Any help would be appreciated. Thank you!

what can I use to make various coloured smokes? I have seen formulas that include chems I have never even heard of. eg: para-nitroaniline red Auramine (yellow) and where do I get Synthetic indigo NONE of my chemical suppliers stock any of these items thanks Peter

Hey everyone, I just joined this forum, and I'm after a bit of help Okay, so I recently took part in a chem prac at school, and I'm doing the right up. There's a question I need to answer, and I can't find much info on it! So yeah, to the question: "Why was water added to the tube before you were asked to smell it? (hint: what was in the water layer in the test tube?)" I really don't know, and it's eating away at me! So, any help would be appreciated. Regrards, kjf

Please anybody tell me or give the link of Mechanism for the Preparation of Benzil from Benzoin using Nitric Acid.

Can a sugar acetonide only form with 1,2 cis-vicinyl hydroxy groups? Is it possible to form bridges between 1, 3 hydroxy groups or 1, 2 trans hydroxy groups when reacting a sugar with acetone to create an acetonide?

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Certain concentrations of Brine become solid at temperatures above 32 deg F. Is there a way to know the exact ratio of water to salt?

Hi all, I have been tasked with finding the equation for the combustion of heptane (C7H16). We put some heptane on a watch glass and watched it burn and it disappeared. I am assuming that it reacted with the air, or the moisture in it. Does it evaporating rather quickly on the watch glass point to something obvious? Can someone point me in the right direction? All questions and comments are appreciated. Thanks! »fo EDIT: Something like this...??? C7H16 + 11(O2) == 7(CO2) + 8(H2O)

Hi, What are they? can you create them in a home laboratory? why they are called sulphured mustards? thanks, i read something of wiki's page.

I would like to do some 2-D thin layer chromatography with some essential oils from several herbs. Can anyone suggest a good reference to consult regarding solvent systems? Have never tried this before so any help would be appreciated. Many thanks:)

Im not sure how the denizens of scienceforums look upon such activities, so i will be vague and omit the reason i would want to extract LSA (ergine,d-lysergic acid amide, d-lysergamide, LA-111), and what i plan to do with the product. The reason i would want to extract the LSA is to get a more concentrated compound, thus having to consume less of it for the effects. A VERY brief overview of the extraction process: Grind Ipomoea seeds. Soak grounds in nonpolar solution. Filter out (then throw out) bulk of liquid, evaporate remainder. Soak in polar solution (ethanol), throw out grounds, evaporate ethanol, and you have your product. My issue is, im not a chemist. My…

Hey guys! I'm wondering whether or not it is possible to be able to eliminate the methyl group from toluene by using a relatively low amount of energy/reagents. I am well aware that this reaction is not favourable. The overall reaction I'm looking for would be: Methyl Benzene ->Benzene + CH4 (I'm guessing the other H would be obtained from solution) I'm considering the probability that the reaction may be impossible due to the fact that you'll need to have a CH3 leaving group. I'm also thinking that a Hoffman degradation wouldn't work because you need to use Amines? Thanks

I read that DMSO is produced industrially from vegetable matter or wood pulp. Is this an easy process? By 'easy', I mean soaking the veggies or wood or hay or whatever it is in a solvent and distilling. Also is it difficult to synthesize? I'm just trying to get some to play with, not medical grade or anything, just enough so that is is appropriate to call it dmso. So how can I do this without buying it from one of those kooky health places? And while I'm on the topic of solvents, how about acetaldehyde? It seems so simple, yet nothing I do gives me anything remotely acetaldehyde-ish... How do I synthesize it? edit: I think meant formaldehyde. Yeah...Th…

Just a thought... If someone gathered up a whole bunch of saliva, either from many people at one time or one person over several times, then submitted to electrolysis, how would the products be different from regular water? How would the bacteria/enzymes react? I suppose it would also conduct better than regular water (distilled, tap, etc.)? Ken

My girlfriend's mother taught me how to make this delicious Indian cheese. Heat milk almost to boiling, add white vinegar, strain in a cheese cloth. Press for couple of hours, chill in water, press the water out cube and fry it (simplified recipe) Two questions: what's the reaction here and would this work with soy or rice milk? Thanks

HI! Could you help me to find information about acetone preparation from 2-propanol ? I have to do this preparation at college and the only information i’ve found isn't enough. The procedure indicates that the 2-propanol is oxidated by hypochlorous acid (HClO). The source of HClO is the reaction of sodium hypochlorite with acétic acid. I need to explain all the reactions, the whats and the whys, and i can't find it anywhere. I've digitalized the procedure if you want to check. http://rapidshare.com/files/77089369/acetone_preparation_from_2-propanol_.pdf.html Thank you! Best regards!

I was taught that to oxidise an alcohol, you need to have an acidified solution of potassium(VI) dichromate. However, as far as I am aware, this is not present in wine. So what other catalyst is there that oxidises the ethanol present in wine? Thank you.