Chemistry

friends, I heared a word green chemistry,yesterday. Anyone please explain what is green chemistry and more than about it.

Hi: Let's say there is a pill of long-acting Inderal [propanolol]. This pill is opened up and the powder inside is put into a glass cup; boiling water is then poured into the cup and the powder is mixed with the hot water. Ice cubes are then added to this concoction to cool it down to drinkable temperature. Will this "Inderal drink" have the same medical effects of the Inderal pill or will the high-temperature of the boiling-water denature the propanolol and cause it to lose it's medicinal properties? OR will the previously long-acting Inderal now become short-acting due to thermal destruction of the components that are meant to slow the release of propanolol into the…

when sodium hydroxide 'digests' keratin, what are the products/ what is left?

Many people are not familiar with the concept of chemical space. In short, chemical space is the set of all "possible" compounds. The chemical space is quite large. For example, there are about 1029 stable derivatives of n-hexane with 150 substituents or less (1). But one has to consider that the space of compounds that can actually be made by some real synthesis must be much more limited than that. Even further, the number of actual distinct chemical topologies must be even smaller. By topology I mean distinct functionalities that are not redundant. For example, just building longer and longer alkanes is not interesting. My question for the thread is, will org…

theoretically, could sonication be used as a method of detonation? i was just thinking cause i know detonation has something to do with shock waves and such and such and, when reading about sonication and sonochemistry i noticed this: 'sonochemistry arises from acoustic cavitation: the formation, growth, and implosive collapse of bubbles in a liquid.' i was just wondering if this would have a detonating effect on high-explosive liquids...?

Hi Everyone, So, I am making a lateralflow assay using gold colloidal particles as my visual signal for the test. To explain a little more, Ihave a small nitrocellulose membrane, and I want to detect VEGF in sample, byusing a anti-VEGF aptamer to capture it. My setup has an input whereI place in VEGF sample and it wicks up and through a conjugate pad (made offiber glass) that is saturated in 30 nm gold colloidal particle conjugated toanti-VEGF antibody. These should be moving together, and should bind to anaptamer that is immobilized on the nitrocellulose. The gold would aggregate andshow a signal.. However, I don't get one. …

Hi: Why isn't molecularly-pure morphine just mixed with clean "drinking" water and ingested? Why is the morphine molecule combined with HCl, sulfate, or other impurities? Thanks, GX

does calcium hydroxide react with hydrogen peroxide? if so, what are the reactants? and does is give off heat (like when it reacts with water)? if so, is it more or less heat than in the reaction with water?

I'm trying to figure out if there's a chance that there are two species of copper forming in this rxn. i.e. does the copper displace the silver in a 1:1 ratio or a 1:2 ratio? either it's Cu + AgNO3 -> Ag + CuNO3, or it's Cu + 2AgNO3 -> 2Ag + Cu(NO3)2. Is it possible to get a mix of species? My students' results range from perfect 1:1 to perfect 1:2 and everything in between (and one even above, but that's obviously some sort of error). Are there side rxns I'm not thinking of? There was a long series of posts from 2006 with a similar question for a iron and copper(II)chloride experiment. Any of you still out there? thanks, rtg

Hey Everyone, I'm new here and this is my first post. I have a hydroponic garden going right now (it's actually an aeroponic set-up for those who are interested) and in case you're not familiar, hydroponics is a way to grow plants without soil. I'm using expanded clay pellets to house my plants' roots, and using a pump connected to misters to continuously spray the roots directly with a nutrient solution. It makes for a much more efficient and effective way to grow plants- they grow bigger, faster, and with a fraction of the water used in conventional farming. Anyways, I'm having a big problem with random particles clogging up my spray yets, and was thinking about set…

I'm trying to figure out the name for this formula, Cu(bottom 2)S, would it be called Copper (II) Sulfide or just Copper Sulfide? Seeing that Copper has two charges, 2+ and 1, and Sulfur has only 2-. Thanks!

in your opinion who is your top 5 living chemist in the world based on intellect, and impact... they have to be living

So we know that periodic table is 143 years old, and I wonder - Have we run out of elements that we have already discovered on this planet earth? What is the periodic table going to look like in 500 years from now on? Are the new elements going to be added to our periodic table when we visit other planets?

Can anyone help me to i find and download these books? 1.hand book of chemistry and physics v91 or v92(if any one have this) 2.encyclopedia of reagent for organic synthesic (14 volset-2006) Tnxxxxxxx

I understand that a potential difference is created between the inside and outside of the glass membrane, and that the potential difference is proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration. But how exactly does that potential difference affect the half cell reaction that occurs at the internal Ag/AgCl reference electrode? Thanks in advance.

Apologies for probably a very obvious and ignorant question, but I am no scientist! I am working on a TV drama and need to check something, ideally without having to do any science experiments! I need to know what would happen if you poured bleach (just normal, household bleach) into a very hot bath? And whether a person would be able to get into this bath - or if the effect of the bleach would be too strong / too harmful to be withstood? I'd be very grateful for any answers offered. many thanks

Greetings forum, I have recently started a venture to start a home chemistry lab. Does anyone have any suggestions as to what i should pick up first to kick start it? I know the basics such as beakers/flasks etc. but i am open to advice as to what i should pick up in the way of standard chemicals and glassware. thanks, PDCA

Hello, I am trying to create a "dummy friendly" demonstration to visually show how antioxidants (particularly Vitamin C) reverses the effects of oxidation and darkness or browning. I know that one can prevent browning in an apple by putting lemon juice on the fruit immediately after cutting it open. Is there any way to reverse the browning of an apple after the damage has already been done... with any type of antioxidant? Are there any other clear ways to show an antioxidant clearing up the results of oxidation? I also thought about using lemon juice to remove tarnish/browning. Thank you for your help in advance.

Never mind, it has been taken care of.

So in the same period oxygen has a higher electronegativity and carbon with a lower electronegativity participate readily in combustion, but N2 with an electronegativity of 3.04 is inert. Does anyone know why?

Hello, I have been hearing a few people discussing how companies are trying to move away from using flurocarbons. Seeing as flurocarbons have unique properties, I was curious to find out what alternatives people have come up with. From the searching I have done, it seems that there is next to no information out there on these alternatives. I was wondering what alternatives some of you may have heard about and where I might be able to read about them. Thanks.

To some this could be considered to be more of a physics question, but I think Chemistry is more accurate. It is a fairly simple question, and it is - how do the same subatomic building blocks, proton, neutron, and electron form an atom of an element having different properties depending on the quantity thereof? Is it some sort of holistic interaction with other particles? Disregarding specifics, it's sort of like saying 3 bricks makes water and 4 bricks makes metal, how is this possible? Yes, I'm honestly asking. A complete answer is not necessary, and indication of what field of research to pursue to find treatment of this subject will suffice, although the more thoroug…

just as fun a list to compare i would imagine! these would be the top contenders for the stuff you'd most dread to get on you. off the top of my head these are the ones that most freak me out: 1- hydrofluoric acid 2- nitric acid 3- bromine 4- dimethylmercury 5- liquid nitrogen 6- white phosphorus 7- polonium 8- dioxin 9- radon 10- dog poop? meth? ras

I am doing a science fair project and need to measure the sugar content of a cellulose solution where cellulase has been added. I need an actual number, not just a chemical reaction to show the presence of sugar. thanks

So I'm doing structural chemistry right now, and a few weeks ago we started on Lewis structures. We learned about how the atoms bond to each other with their valence electrons and form octets and that proper Lewis structures have minimized formal charges. What I don't understand are bonding rules. Now most times one electron from atom A is shared with one electron from atom B to form a single bond. But there are times where two atoms from atom A form a bond between it and some other atom. Why is this? Example: Oxygen has six valence electrons. When it has a single bond and completes its octet, it has one single bond and six valence electrons. Why is it like this?