Biology

I just heard that fungi can dissolve substances like plastic, metal.etc How do they do it? Can they probably dissolve Iron Oxide too?

Ok this seems like a simple question but when I checked I get so confused. Please use these terms to answer my question. 1 DNA molecule- This means a double helix (2 strands) 1 DNA strand- This means when you break the double helix and one separate strand I thought one chromatid contain 1 DNA strand and 2 chromatids make a chromosome and 1 DNA molecule. So in a diploid cell you have 46 DNA molecules or 92 strands. Is this wrong? EDIT: Oh wait I know why I don't understand this. Chromatid also contains a DNA molecule right. When the cell is replicating each chromosome has 2 dna molecules and when it is not it only has one. So when the cell is not re…

Hi, I was wondering if the instructions on the following link are accurate and, if the beef stuff mentioned is just beef stock? Thanks very much! http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/mole00/mole00270.htm Merged post follows: Consecutive posts mergedany help atall is very much appreciated!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Okay I was outside today and I saw a weird bug that looked very exotic. I looked more closely and it basically looked like a catterpiller with the head of a butterfly. It was having a VERY hard time walking around and it kept getting flipped over. I've never seen a bug like this before at all and I couldn't find any results in google that looked similar. I took some pictures of it and a short video. Is anybody interested in the pictures? If so I can post them. Also, any ideas what it was, like was it a mutant caterpillar that only half morphed into a butterfly?

Hey I had a few questions about phospholipids and other things related to them in the cell membrane... I am trying to self teach Biology due to illness and I have a packet of w/s to do but the answers are not to be found in the book and my teacher won't give me the oral or written notes in class, and i was wondering if someone could answer them or send me in the right direction. I have checked several websites but to no avail. Here are me questions... Besides phospholipids, what is another type of lipid(s) in the cell membrane? Proteins called ________ proteins go all the way through the bi-layer while _______ proteins are only on one side. Integral prote…

Ok density of water is 1000 g/ 1 L I don't know isn't this 1 L composed completely of water. This is confusing me. Do find the concentration you have to find the moles and divide by 1 L. 1000/18=55 M . I thought concentration of pure water you can't find because the solution is complete water. I hope you understand what I mean. Thanks

The theory of spontaneous generation has been disproven. It is now a scientific law that all lifeforms must come from at least one parent life form (if it is at only one, it is called "asexual reproduction"). Maybe the parent dies in the first place, but it has to have been alive at some point in time because organisms don't just pop up out of nowhere. But, if that's the case, then how did the world's first organism come into existence? It had to have come from somewhere, and if it just spontaneously generated, why is that organism the sole exception to the rule? Science doesn't deal in "unique exceptions;" science follows the notion "If you repeat the co…

Yesterday I was sowing tomato seeds and came up with a few fundamental questions.. Apologies if they are indeed stupid questions. Firstly, why am I buying seeds? -Surely I could just plant a whole tomato or its fresh seeds? If indeed the seeds do need to be dried before planting, why? Surely this doesn't happen naturally.. Secondly, what is the purpose of fruit pulp? -I always presumed that it was to give the seeds the necessary nutrients to start growing (when the fruit has fallen to the ground). I know that some fruit are 'designed' to be eaten so that the seeds travel with a host and is relocated (..along with lots of fertiliser). But surely thats not the case …

Have you ever noticed that a natural substance, such as venom or toxins, seem to have a benefitial use for humans? for instance a poision derived from a bacteria is good at killing other bacteria, IE Pennescillin.

In silver staining, thiosulfate is used to sensitise the electrophoresis plate, for easier subsequent staining, but could anyone tell why and how thiosulfate can do this? The protocol used is like this: silver nitrate staining: 1) sensitised by thiosulfate; 2) immerse with silver nitrate; 3) apply mixture of formalin and potassium carbonate (carbonate what use? remove proton formed from oxidation of formalin?); ammoniacal silver staining: 1) sensitised by thiosulfate or plate prepared with thiosulfate; 2) immerse with ammoniacal silver nitrate; 3) apply mixture of formalin and citric acid; So, silver nitrate method and ammoniacal silver method differs; on …

http://www.physorg.com/news187879295.html Apparently with the deletion of a single gene, laboratory mice become capable of tissue regeneration in a manner which is similar to "flatworms, sponges, and some species of salamander". Unlike typical mammals, which heal wounds by forming a scar, these mice begin by forming a blastema, a structure associated with rapid cell growth and de-differentiation as seen in amphibians. According to the Wistar researchers, the loss of p21 causes the cells of these mice to behave more like embryonic stem cells than adult mammalian cells, and their findings provide solid evidence to link tissue regeneration to the control of cell d…

what does Diagnostic Digest means?

My mother thinks that you get colds from being cold and also that beening cold lowers your immune system. Why do most people think that your immune system stops your body from infection? Is there any other silly disease myths that aren't true?

And do you think there where be drug to reverse aging or dead or dmage tissure? I mean may be there may be a drug for tissure that is not so healthy but dead or dmage tissure is big leep.

Hello everyone, So in so many regulatory mechanism veins are constricted or venomotor tone is increased so pooled blood can go to heart and increase venous return. That makes sense but if you keep the vein constricted for some time after that wouldn't this reduce the flow? I mean initially it would increase the flow but how about after that. Thanks!!

What's the difference between living and dead cells? Can you duplicate the arrangement of atoms to create a living cell? How do you duplicate the information and the deciphering system?

I wanted to introduce a new company called In Silico to everyone doing microbial community analysis. They do all of the phylogenetic comparisons and standard ecology statistics. Their website is http://www.insilicoinc.com.

how is it that bulls get so hugely muscley when they just stand around in the field all day?

Hello guys, This might be a stupid question but artery has an inner endothelium and muscle outside. So if molecules diffuse out from the endothelium do they diffuse out of the muscle cells as well. How is that done, do muscle cells have the same membrane proteins as endothelium? Thanks Merged post follows: Consecutive posts mergedOh right I forgot about capillary which is just one endothelium . Sorry guys!!

Is it possible for the stimulation of one nerve to cause a reaction in another nerve not connected to it? I can't give any examples, but I think I've felt such sensations before. It could be that the places in question were actually part of the same nerve, though, but is it possible for this to happen for different nerve branchings?

I'm searching a reliable source discussing the long-term aftereffects of orgasm, or abstinence thereof, on dopamine levels. Some sources claim that orgasm decreases dopamine through prolactine for several weeks, but I've found no sources confirming this. I'm also looking for research papers on the long-term effects of orgasm on serotonin and noradrenaline. I've found plenty of papers on the effects on hormones, but none on the more important monoamines.

I often hear or read about the need for antioxidants to prevent such things as cancer. Doctors recommend eating lots of foods rich in antioxidants. But then I see articles such as this on http://www.cancersalves.com/checklist/red_blood.html that talks about too little oxygen not being healthy and the need for lots of oxygen. I even see water machines that are supposed to add more oxygen to your drinking water. So is there a fine line between the amount of oxygen we need? Or do antioxidants work in a different way? Do we need a lot of oxygen? Should we have oxygen generators or hundreds of plants in our homes? Should we practice breathing techniques and…

If a diphosphate is broken down by water into 2 phosphates is the energy released equivalent to an ATP. Does ATP provide more energy?

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Hello guys, when blood vessels going to brain are constricted, there is less blood flow and less 02 and CO2 entering the blood vessels in the brain. How does this create hypercapnea (too much CO2), is all the 02 that comes in extracted and turned to carbon dioxide which causes this. Also this hypercapnea then develops everywhere. Why is that? Thanks a lot