Mathematics
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From basic sequences, series and calculus, to measure theory, complex analysis and more advanced topics.
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Set theory, groups and ring theory, linear algebra, and other algebra-related topics.
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Home to threads on more applied (but non-physical/mechanical) threads; e.g. applied group theory or statisics.
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Ground-up mathematical tutorials.
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2392 topics in this forum
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Can anybody make any sense of this??? A thought experiment illustrates this. Imagine a company, United Differences (UD), operating in a community that is 25 percent black and 75 percent white and 5 percent homosexual, 95 percent heterosexual. Unknown to UD and the community is the fact that only 2 percent of the blacks are homosexual, whereas 6 percent of the whites are. (The numbers are fictitious and chosen for illustration only.) Making a concerted attempt to assemble a work force of 1,000 that "fairly" reflects the community, the company hires 750 whites and 250 blacks. However, just five of the blacks (or 2 percent) would be homosexual, whereas 45 of th…
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Reputation Points
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The equation of a circle [math](x-h)^2+(y-k)^2=r^2[/math] where (h,k) is the center and r is the radius. The equation of the circumference has no bearing on if it is or isn't a circle. When a circle spins, the circumference shortens and the radius stays the same. Is a circle, spinning near c, still a circle?
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Reputation Points
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Here is a simple statement which I've yet to prove satisfactorily: Adding/deleting loops, parallel edges and edges in series does not affect the planarity of a graph. If a graph is planar, then removing anything from it does not create any edge crossings, so the graph remains planar. If a graph is not planar, then adding anything to it will or will not create any edge crosssings, so the graph remains unplanar. Now I have to show that adding (removing) loops, parallel edges and edges in series does not affect the planarity of a(n) planar (unplanar respectively) graph. This is were I stopped. I'm trying to think of a good argument which shows that a planar grap…
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Reputation Points
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When setting up the balls before a break in a typical game of pool, the 'J' arrangement of the balls is preffered by most players. I use it operating under the assumption that it will give the most even distribution of red/yellow(stripe/dot) balls. Is there anyway to mathematically verify this if so how would one approach such a problem. I assume there will be a fair amount of probablitistic anaylsis but I cannot think for the life of me how such a problem should be undertaken. Is there a more logically sound intial layout that will insure a more even distribution. Any thoughts?
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Reputation Points
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Is any one here familar with the hexadecimal system if you can you help me understand it?? Do you take the number divide by 16 the quotient is the 1st charcter and the remander is the second?? E.X. [math]173/16[/math] is 10 with remainder 13 so the hex number world be AD right??
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Reputation Points
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Here are a few challenge problems to solve (I don't know what the difficulty of this board is so I would appreciate comments) 1. u and w are in degrees. tan(U)=1/2 and tan(w) = 2 find tan(u-w) 2. There are 20 switches in two columns each with 10 in them. Each switch is either on or off. If exactly 5 must be on in each column what is the number of distinct ways the switches can be set? 3. A metal plate of constant thickness is cut into a rt. triangle. The coordinates are (0,0), (2,0) and (2,1). The plate is balanced on a fulcrum on the side which connects (0,0) and (2,0). Find the x coordinate of the balance point of the fulcrum.
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Reputation Points
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For finding the roots, like root(x^2), What's the value? Is that if x > 1, ans=x x<1, ans=-x x=0, ans=0? But when we do quandratic equations, (x^2)=4 x =2 or x=-2? Should we rearrange the steps as x^2=4 x=2 or -x=2?
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Reputation Points
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I have learned that Dave plays trombone - I play flute. My mother was a very accomplished organist and could play 2 manuals, pedals, and change stops simultaneously. Where am I going with this? How much does mathmatical abilitity enhance musical ability and vice-versa? Think about it. You're sightreading - it's syncopated, you have to mentally compute the measure in advance to know how it will come out. If you're sight reading, and you're good at it, you're reading at least 4 measures ahead of what you're playing. Throw into the mix that the key signature and the time signature may be changing. It's challenging when you're dealing with one line of music. …
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Reputation Points
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e^x=x Anybody got a solution for this? I'll post the solution later, unless someone comes up with a better one and some sort of proof for it.
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Reputation Points
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I posted this on PF but it didn't get very far: Suppose {a[n]} is an increasing sequence and whenever m divides n, then a[n] = a[n/m] + d where m is a positive integer and d is a real number. Show that a[n] = Θ(lg n). I can show that a[n] = O(lg n). All I need to do is show that a[n] = Ω(lg n). This is where I'm stuck. Any hints?
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Reputation Points
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I'll have: Analysis II: Hilbert spaces, Banach spaces, L_p spaces, Lebesgue measure & integration, etc. Textbook: Real Analysis by Royden Abstract Algebra III: noncommutative rings, modules, some categories, functors, tensor products, etc. Textbook: Algebra by Thomas Hungerford Set Theory: this is directed studies so I'm not sure what I'll do, except it'll probably be with the book by Kamke & the book by Suppes.
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Reputation Points
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I need some closure on this one: In how many ways can the vertices of an n-cube be labeled 0, … ,2ⁿ - 1 so that there is an edge between two vertices if and only if the binary representation of their labels differs in exactly one bit? Let G be an appropriately labeled n-cube. Pick an arbitrary vertex v in G. How many ways can one change labels of the vertices appart from v in G and still mantain the properties of the n-cube? Because of the nature of G, there are n incident edges on v with n adjacent vertices. The labels of these vertices differ from the label of v by one bit. If one swaps the labels of two of these vertices and makes the appropriate swaps elsewher…
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Reputation Points
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My math teacher gave us this problem. You're selling stamps. One costs 3 cents and the other costs 5 cents. People can buy as many stamps as they wish. If x is how many 3 cent stamps someone buys, and y is how many 5 cent stamp someone buys, 3x + 5y represents the price of both of them. What is the lowest price of combined stamps, 3x + 5y, so that every price after that continues at an interval of 1 cent. The next problem is what if you have m cent stamps and n cent stamps. What is the lowest combined price so that every price after that continues at an interval of 1 cent? My English may be vague and incorrect, so tell me if you need clarification.
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Reputation Points
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Given a solid sphere, construct its diameter using compass and straightedge.
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Reputation Points
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Here's a teaser from my old school days. My maths teacher posed this problem to the class, and gave us five minutes. I came up with the highest number, and the teacher scoffed at my result. After expliaining my result, one student agreed with me, but the teacher said that I was wrong, and he would devote no more class time to the problem. To this day, I'm still frustrated at this teacher as I'm certain that I was the only one with the correct solution. Anyway, thirty years later, I'm after some vindication, so here it is:- Given a set of equal arm scales, like the Justice scales, and the following weights :- 1kg, 3kg, 9kg and 27kg, how many different weights can be …
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Reputation Points
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Some dialog: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Doron: I think that we do not understand each other. I gave you MY definiton of the limit concept. Now, please give the standard definition for this concept. After you give the standard definition, then we shall compare between the two approaches. Any way do you agree with http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Limit.html definition? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- kaiser: off course I agree with this definition. I meant for you to provide the defintion for the limit of S(n), no need delta epsilon…
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Reputation Points
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Here is another question I posted on PF but got little attention: I need to prove the following identity for Stirling numbers of the first kind: [math]s_{n,2} = (n-1)!\Big(1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + ... + \frac{1}{n-1}\Big)[/math] For the uninitiated, s[n,k] is a Stirling number of the first kind and represents (as I was explained) the number of ways of sitting n people in k table so that every table has at least one person. The ordering of the tables doesn't matter but the ordering of the people on a table does. Example: Suppose three people (A, B, and C) are sitting at a table such that C is to the right of B and B is to the right of A. So ABC = BCA = C…
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Reputation Points
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Complementary Set Theory Axioms, exmples and explanations can be found in: http://www.geocities.com/complementarytheory/My-first-axioms.pdf I'll be glad to get your remarks and insights, thank you, Doron
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The goal of this thread is to find a logical reasoning system, which can be used as a common basis for both our morality development and our technological developments. If we achieve this goal, then I think that we improve our chances to survive the power of our technology. ========================================================================== If we look at Drake's equation http://www.setileague.org/general/drake.htm we can find parameter L. L = The "lifetime" of communicating civilizations, or in other worlds, if there is no natural catastrophe in some given planet, then how some civilization survives the power of its own technology? If we look on…
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A =1 J=A Z = 1A 8,F,17 1,12,5 18,F,15,12 8,5,19,1,4,5,3,9,D,1,C 13,B,9,C,C,13 .... 9 B,E,F,17 14,8,1,14 18,F,15 C,F,16,5 D,1,14,8 13,F 9 14,8,F,15,7,8 9 17,F,15,C,4 13,8,1,12,5 14,8,9,13 17,9,14,8 18,F,15 !!!!! good luck!
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Reputation Points
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Having trouble with this. Determind whether the following statement is true of false If [math]a_k \in \mathbb{R}[/math] for each [math]k \in \mathbb{N}[/math] and [math]\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}a_k[/math] converges, then so does [math]\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}a_k^2[/math]. If you think the statement is true, prove it. If you think it's false, give an explicit counter-example.
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Reputation Points
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