studiot

Thank you for your reply. I'm afraid we will have to disagree on both your 'solution' and your analysus of the problem. If we cannot accomodate existing North Sea wind capacity, why are we encouraging more to be built at this time ? There are serious logical flaws in the whole setup. Mrs Thatcher's so called 'market' has been ruining our economy since the 1970s.

Apparantly green suppliers such as wind and solar are regularly being paid large sums to not produce electricity in the UK. BBC NewsThe huge sums energy firms get to not provide powerCould the government's radical plan to change the way the UK distributes electricity really bring down bills - or just lead to a postcode lottery? The tile of this thread says it all.

In more physical terms than KJW's answer If F(w) is the fourier transform of f(t) then (1/a)F(w/a) is the fourier transform of f(at) where a is a positive constant scale factor which changes the duration of the waveform in time. If a> 1 the waveform f(at) is compressed in comparison with the waveform f(t). The spectrum is then more spread out. Which is the maths underlying what I think is your question and correct observation. +1 This is known a a similarity relation and makes the process scale independant. Note the 1/2 is dimensionless so the product delta-t delta-omega is dimensionless and is the condition for a similarity transformation. The meaning depends upon the function chosen for f(t) so KJW's gaussian function has minimal spectral width, in contrast to the width of a rectangular pulse ( a la Dirac) which has infinite spectral width The maths we are discussing is pure maths but it not only leads to the classical uncertainty in radio waves that exchemist mentioned it also leads to the HUP.

Some further notes. Commutativity is more complicated than just commutable and non-commutable. For matrix multiplication Some matrices will commute with their transpose. some will commute with their complex conjugate matrix. But some will not. but reversal of the order may make MN = - NM ( this is called anticommuting.) Some pairs of matrices will multiply as MN just fine but cannot be multiplied at all as NM simply because they have incompatible rows and columns. In classical wave theory there is an uncertainty principle (not the HUP) which reads [math]\Delta t\Delta \omega \ge \frac{1}{2}[/math] Where delta t is the RMS duration of a wave packet and delta omega the RMS bandwidth. To prove this you start with Parsevals theorem introduce the Schwarz inequality and several pages of calculus. Maxwells Reciprocal theorem has an interesting form of commutation In a linear-elastic system a unit load applied at A produces a deflection at B which is the same deflection as the unit load applied at B produces at A.

Once again this shows your failure to understand Physics and Mathematics. In particular the meaning of the word 'conjugate' I have alredy explained in some detail the meaning in relation to HUP, which is not the same as the meaning in your extracts. Please tell us that you have not spent the last 5 months hunting for 'conjugate pairs' without understanding what that means ? Quantities, Variables or other entities P and Q are said to be conjugate if when combined according to specified rules produce a specified result. These quantites may or may not be physical quantities for instance x and 1/x are conjugate when the specified result is the number 1 or the identity in certain sets. Such relationships are so common that other particular names are given to the conjugacy for instance, adjunct, inverse, complex conjugate, canonical and so on. Please go back and consider the specification for Heisenberg I gave you, and then show me where those particular quantities appear in General Relativity. As an example from Thermodynamics I could declare "Thermodynamics is flawed because it is incompatible with Time" Of course this is not true since the Three Laws of Thermo do not mention Time at all.

Yeah your politeness pays off leading to good quality discussion. +1

This is one of the best summaries of escape velocity without maths that I've seen in a long time. So many get this wrong. +1

~This reads as if there was a powder called antimacassar that could be sprinkled form a sprinkler as pictured. I have only ever come across your stated purpose of a protective cloth cover and cannot find reference to anything else. They are still used in some places, some airlines, trainlines and coachlines in particular. Equally I cannot see such a powder being placed with food in a cruet set for the diner. The servants would have handled and put out the proctive cloths. Caster suger is definitely the most likely as the larger size fits the quantity of added sugar v that of salt or pepper as does the larger sprinkling holes. Here is a picture of a modern day 'spice ball'. You (partly) fill the ball with appropriate quantities of appropriated spices and dangle it in stews, casseroles etc during cooking. This prevents uwnated release of unwated particles such as clove sticks etc.

Pretty good explanation, +1 Agreed, perhaps you might have said more since Wiki takes us into what actually preceeded the historic term paleolithic - that is into geological time periods up to 10 million years ago. Sarae hope this helps https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae +1

Thank you I have learned something there. +1

Not sure how that helps find prime numbers. Consider 7 3 times 7 makes 21 add 1 makes 22 divide by 2 makes 11 (another prime) and putting it back into group C not as you say, but to continue 3 times 11 makes 33 add 1 makes 34 divide by 2 makes 17 (yet another prime) So the process is more complicated than you thought. Also since 'groups' have a special meaning in mathematics and number theory and Collatz, I suggest you use another word, for example Class.

I think it's about time you started arguing from scientifically accredited facts rahter than valueless journalistic soundbites. Pity this ended up as a joke as it was meant to be serious.

Would you like to know what my first reaction to your post was ? Well I thought " Germany is famous for its dependance on coal. Well did you read that article you linked to ? If my figures about renewables v nuclear cut your russian oil argument off at the knees, this comment from your article

Actually no it doesn't follow at all. http://wiki.energytransition.org/files/2018/10/BL_ET_update_2018_Feed-in-tariffs-grow-renewables--1024x786.png Year electricity production 109 kWh 1961 0.024 1970 6.0 1980 42.6 1990 146.1 2000 168.5 2005 163.0 2010 140.5 2014 97.1 The first graph show the expansion of non nuclear renewable electricity in Germany and the following table shows the generation of nuclear power. The timescales are the closest match I can quicly and easily find. It is obvious from these figures that The decline in nuclear started well before the Ukraine war. Renewable generation has more than replaced the lost nuclear capacity ( in fact nearly double by 2014)

What is interesting is not so much the source of the minerals, but the mechanism of their accretion or aggregation. More recent studies have veered away from the carbon theory and apparantly the nodules aaggregated some tens of millions of years after the sediment was laid down. Although on my simplified map the volcanic rocks around Exeter are shown as granite, there are also outcrops of other volcanics that are a more likely source, especially as the nodules do not seem to appear in the more northerly Mercia series. The new red sandstone is part of the Mercia group , which is more widespread, and here is some very modern information, from Dave Green.

Sorry I missed a reference to Exmoor granite could you point it out please. I say this because I would not expect to find any Exmoor granite since the entire Exmoor area is sedimentary, not plutonic. Are you sure you don't mean Dartmoor ? or even the volcanic activities outliers around Exeter, associated with the SW peninsula granite intrusion and batholith ? Littleham is at point 15 A on the attached map.

This study seems to support your notion, although the jury is still out. esp see pages 12 - 14 https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/509450/1/WP92001.pdf Dr Ian West of Southampton University ( specialist in Wessex geology and petroleum geology) currently runs courses along there https://wessexcoastgeology.soton.ac.uk/Budleigh-Salterton.htm

Thanks, your link works, but not the pdf. The Littleham rocks are clastic sediments (soft silstones and mudstones of permo-trassic age (200 - 250 mya) and form part of the 'red coast'.

Radioactive nodules 50 - 200 mm in size can be found in Littleham Bay rocks and even on the beach. Does anyone know of other places they can be found ? https://southwestcoastphotos.com/photo_16759619.html

Oh come on, that was most unscientific and against all the evidence. Benzene was a very well know substance years before there was even a question about its structure. The dream only occurred after it was realised that benzene did not appear (to people at thte time) to follow the rules of valency.

I know that the Greeks invented Theatre, but there is only a minute amount of use for it in serious Science. I also understand your three-way idea though I am no biologist and you haven't answered exchemist's question about of what relevance is this to biology and DNA as we know it. Nor do I think Biology is anywhere near advanced enough to implement it. Your proposals with the melamine and cyanuric acid complex is at the very forefront of current capability and research, but it is much simpler (for most) to use simplified diagrams to explain what is going on. Workers are only just doing much simpler tasks with this (p 334 - 337 of The New Chemistry)

Indeed it's hard to keep up or cross correlate since not only did certain epochs occur at different times around the globe in different places, (due to tectonic shifting) but also the names vary from continent to continent. Most of the UK names came from Scottish geology -those in Europe from alpine nations. There is much work being done in cross correlation these days.

Whilst I think that Mathematics is in the same boat is Chemistry as regards goal setting both are very broad based disciplines that feed into other areas. A small note about Supramolecules. The largest molecules by far are those formed as lumps of metal and due to metallic bonding. DNA and the like, although much larger than oxygen or nitrogen, are still in the province of the electron or X-ray microscope, whereas you can (and do) hold a lump of metal inyour hand and look at it. Metallic bonding has been traditionally largely treated as a separate area in Chemistry, that of Metallurgy. This view is now changing ( The chapter - What is a Metal - in the book referenced above is interesting is this respect. However that side of Chemistry, along with sevaral other areas is of little interest to you. Accordingly I have assembled some books at various levels from very basic to advanced that provide a wide chemical background to your interest in Biology. Some may be available in Translation. They are all modern or have modern editions. Some are much largers than others.

If you are any good with spoken English ~This 8 minute video lecture about 'supramolecule chemistry' may be of interest, especially their first example. Otherwise https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supramolecular_chemistry Supramolecular chemical biology:...Supramolecular chemical biology: designed receptors and d...Supramolecular chemistry focuses on the study of species joined by non-covalent interactions, and therefore on dynamic and relatively ill-defined structures. Despite being a well-developed field, i...

Not quite. The comparison was the phase of the light (considered as a wave) between two light paths of different lengths. The fact that the paths went in different directions was coincidental was in order to generate the different path lengths.