studiot

Thank you for reminding me of that thread. Here are a couple of references from that thread (my highlighting) Do they sound familiar?

That is a confusing way to look at it because your 'snapshot' is far from instantaneous. The snapshot is 5m wide in the frame of the ground observer. And tkes times to pass.

So you managed to confuse even yourself. Diagrams themselves however are always good to have. What about addressing swansont's excellent point about direction ?

Noted and accepted, but I will offer comment on some of your points. No, I am not Scottish, though my Welsh grandmother was fond of claiming roots in all four UK countries. In those days there was no prebirth gender determination so few folks wasted money on inappropriate preparations, and bought white baby clothes. Baby showers were an american invention not popular in the UK. Hand-me-downs from the extended family were also more popular in those straitened times. It has also been interesting how those junior relatives have grown up and fared. They could not be more different, but I put the difference down to being different people, not different gender. One last comment about Nature and Nurture. There is an inherited heart weakness in their family, affecting at least as far back as great-grandfather, grandfather, father and my cousin but not the girls it seems. This weakness has certainly conditioned life responses and choices down the line.

Well this somebody is even more confused by what you are trying to say than before. What you say now seems to confirm what I thought you said in your opening paragraph in your opening post, and I agree with that. What follows in both posts is what is confusing since you now seem to have introduced new terminology which to me is even more muddled than before. Please explain again what you think is happening the problem is, using only one name or better symbol) for each variable. Where did this 'conundrum' come from ? Can you give a reference or did you think it up yourself ?

Love this comment. I remember being set to watch my much younger infant male cousin a time or two. He was definitely in that age group. And he spent most of the time I was watching crawling around chewing the table and chir legs (no he did not pick them up). Interestingly when his sister came along a couple of years later I never saw her do this and I was told she didn't. Personally I blame the family corgi setting a bad exmple. Perhaps the lad identified himeself as a corgi.

I repeat swansont's comment from your previous thread. You seem to be mixing frames up. Who are the 'we' at the bginning of paragraph 2 ? You have specified a square train. What shape do you think it is in the 'stationary' frame ? Please clarify your description before you confuse everybody.

Quite Frankly, Tom, there are plenty of other members that are more rewarding to talk to than you are so my focus of attention has shifted away from yourself.

Why Plenty available in the kitchen cupboard to start with. The see what the local pharmacy will let you but. Potassium permanganate is a good on, but take care it is very staining. Form the kitchen you can get near pure Sodium Chloride Sodium Bicarbonate Acetic Acid (get the clear vinegar) Starch Iodine Sugar That's a good start and spread. More dangerous stuff from the household cupboard Hydrochloric acid (descaler) Sulphuric acid (car batteries) Bleach (sodium hyochlorite) So you will be able to learn about and experiment with acid/alkali reactions, redox reactions, salts, colour changes and their analytical uses, effects of temperature and much more. What heat source are you thinking of ? You can get small spirit lamps which are good for beginners. Test tubes and a rack - larger reaction vessels need more ingredients. Glass rod yes good thinking about the safety glasses and other clothing +1 I'm sure there are some good books and websites for beginners at home, also ask your teacher. There are some great electrochem experiments on youtube as well

You can get 300+ metres of Cat5E or Cat 6 cable for under £50. https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/263661406588?hash=item3d6371c97c:g:0u8AAOSwRbtaTVBD&amdata=enc%3AAQAHAAAAoAyWySM%2FH%2FeJk0nCK%2BYKHCrzQSPzciD07Og%2BI1zAWi3myz34NXWws5w29bnKSktx2YrRVgC%2BTOg88WNqY9ytcbxNDM73mW3g4AgnVJb%2F%2BT2mKCoA7FOurT9bCGm4JZi6b8Br84eHsg6Vb%2F8gS%2F1AyztYSYVA3i1UPtWTWfNwf%2BVkDkfQeYtFo7gic754NSibCRZljifYeNfhHGoYOEigywY%3D|tkp%3ABk9SR-LOz_jEYQ But ethernet cable is only meant for 100m.max. Beyond this you would need an intermediate signal booster amp eg a router or switch as the cheapest option.

Studiot used to do this alot for Exmoor residents (farms etc). Yes, you could run a telephone line down there but you would require external grade cable. So I have two possibilities to offer. Somewhere in the boxes of kit I still have one pair of narrow beam transmitter/receivers unopened in the boxes. The have a range of slightly over 1km. and were made especially for this sort of application. You are welcome to these for the cost of postage or collection if you ever visit Somerset. I had a quick butchers in the store but couldn't locate them yet. I do know they are there somewhere. Please note these are 'line of sight' only so if your cabin is hidden they won't work. Alternatively you must be running power down there, unless you have a generator. I had a good deal of success with 'through the mains' transmitters with a distributor device at the receiving end. Unfotunately these were always in short supply, so they seemed to go out as fast as I could get hold of them, so I have none left.

How many folks died in the Grenfell disaster because of this mantra ? Anyway this thread is about electric foil heating systems. And the outside temperature was stated as -2C in the article. It was also stated that the system would 'not cost less to run'. Please keep on topic.

Learn a little bit of theory and a lot of safety. Practical Chemistry can be fun, but can also be dangerous. Chemists don't 'make' elements, they make compounds, which are substances that are combinations of 'elements'. To start with don't worry about atoms, molecules and electrons. Start with the idea that 'elements' are substances that cannot be divided or separated into anything simpler. There are a little over 100 naturally occurring elements. A simple example is a lump of pure carbon. If you keep dividing and subdividing ths lump you will always have pieces carbon and nothing else. Chemistry is mostly about two things, how to combine these elements into compounds and how to separate out pure elements from compounds and mixtures. There are many, many ways to perform both of these tasks. But hydrogen separation can be dangerous as hydrogen gas is potentially explosive. Does this help ?

Beware these materials https://sourceable.net/expanded-polystyrene-is-just-as-deadly-as-acp-cladding-in-a-fire/

Please note That all velocity is 'relative'. 'Velocity' without a reference point is meaningless. Trains were the fastest transport known in Einstein's day. Maxwell's EM theory actually obeyed the 'principle of relativity'. It was Newtonian mechanics as embodied in the usual statements of his three laws that did not.

Thank you both, the paper in Ghideon's link is worth discussing and we can all help each other understand it. My comments were not adverse criticism. I would just like to comment that the second Law refers to cyclic processes, both equilibrium, reversible and non equilibrium, non reversible. The key is the cyclicity. The integral in the inequality is a cyclic integral. It has long been known that it is possible to pick out situations within a cycle that do not conform.

Don't give up, you have had the same thought as one of the greats of 20th century maths. Kolmogorov So welcome and keep thinking. Basically Kolmogorov is saying that a number is random if the shortest algorithm (read what you meant by describing a number) for arriving at that number is writing down the number itself. So for instance 1234567890 and 0 and 1 are all random numbers.

Hope they are not looking over your shoulder then.

I'm having a little trouble sorting the sheep from the goats in this paper. 1) Can you explain why their Carnot Cycle is in the wrong order ? It should be two expansions followed by two compressions but their diagram a shows the expansions and contractions alternating 2) In the text they refer to work extracted, but I can only find details of work done on their particle. 3) I'm interested to learn how resistance free (= frictionless) adiabatic processes can be done on a charged or charge separated particle in water where surely Van Der Waals forces must operate. 4) What exactly is expanding and contracting in a single particle ? 5) From what I can gather they are saying that whilst a single measurement of their single cycle efficiency parameter can exceed Carnot, the statistical average either of infinite measurements on one particle, or one measurement on infinite number of particles, will equal Carnot. This of course implies that if some measurements are greater than Carnot, some will be less.

Some might find these quotes on the subject of interest. @Tom Booth you might like to reflect on why neither heat nor work can be considered to be properties.

Thank you for pointing me at material I need to brush up on. +1

May I add the word sufficiently ? If the material of the planet is sufficiently fluid, yes. Note also that the pull will always be present, regardless of the state of the planetary material. Ice for instance will flow under quite small pressure. So if an ice planet is large enough the gravitational pull will be large enough to create flow pressure. But there are other mechanisms at work as well. Some of them in conjunction with gravity, some of them opposed. For instance if the planet spins the pull experinced will vary from equator to pole. Also if the planet surface is subject to weathering, eg by heating and cooling causing cracking, then gravity will pull the broken off pieces into the concavities. Good question, @Saber . +1

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-64402524

I am not convinced that the US government really cares about ordinary people any more than our UK one does, or about the damage that could be caused to them. I wonder if they were really wanting the thing to land on water, rather than land so that the bits would be less damaged by the impact. They are certainly scrambling to find them in the nearshore ocean.

Preamble I'm not sure if you have Scottish roots or what, but my experience of Scots abroad is that whilst they are warm and friendly in their homeland, they are more often than not defensive and prickly outside it. So I don't want to upset you by my commenting on this. All credit to Scotland to win (retain) the Calcutta Cup yesterday. I find the English establisment unreasonably big headed about its position in these competitions and so like to see a few tumbles. Now my comment In this very thread I was passing some information to joigus about a very English saying concerning "a bull in a china shop". Contrast this with the contents of your PM exchange (no I don't want to know the details).