mathematic

The paradox is in pure mathematics. A physical object cannot be decomposed into non-measurable pieces.

The base doesn't matter. It'a \\;s a language issue. What is big?

If you know elementary arithmetic, start with elementary algebra.

Look for 'distance converter on line. Pick one.

F=1.8C+32.

C=5(F-32)/9

Try Google.

Where did you get these ideas?

Strong and weak forces are microscopic - no control? Gravity is affected by moving stuff around.

You seem to be jumping from math ro physics. Math starts with arithmetic, next elementary algebra, plane geometry, etc. From your description you need a start at the very beginning.

Change (x,y) to polar coordinates.

base digits 2......0,1 3......0,1,2 4......0,1,2,3 etc.

Disagreement with other measurements. Error here?

Incorrect assertion: "The only thing that can travel at the speed of light is light, and if gravity can travel at the speed of light, then it's almost definitely the same thing as light. Also, there's no gravity or light in outer space. Almost certainly a sign that gravity and light are the same particle. " "it's almost definitely the same thing as light." Where did you get this? "there's no gravity or light in outer space" False

It is too soon to say. There are about 100 billion stars in the milky way. Only an infinitesimal number has been explored to determine whether life supporting planets exist.

Your question is not clear. Which score is wrong? Which answer is wrong?

The Big Bang was less than 14 billion years ago. The speed up of the expansion was discovered during the 1990's by using supernova 1A /science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energy https://www.e-education.psu.edu/astro801/content/l10_p9.html

For \[ x\ne 0,\ x^0\times x^1=x^1=x\]

Gravity and e-m forces can be made 0 in isolation. Place object halfway in between attractions of equal strength. Also neutral things don't experience e-m.

In the latest issue of American Scientist there is an article by Tony Rothman questioning E=mc^2. Are the assertions made in the article valid? Are there comments by other physicists available?

Several rinses with small amount of water each time is better than one rinse with a lot of water.

It would help if you defined symbols.

Examples 210=102, 310=112

I was referring to an impact between a pair of specific objects.

Size, shape, speed, impact point. In practice, probability distributions are used.