The colder oceans continuously upwell nutrients to the surface for carbon dioxide consuming organisms to utilise the gases absorbed from the atmosphere. They in the process release dimethysulphide gas, the molecules of which act as cloud-condensation nuclei. These eventually condense to form rain clouds, thus indirectly helping to reduce solar absorption as well as directly contributing to carbon dioxide reduction.
Link: Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulphur, cloud albedo and climate
This upwelling of nutrients is a function of water temperature and thermoclines. When the upper water layers gets too warm a thermocline is created causing the upwelling to cease: the algae drastically reduce in number due to the lack of nutrients.
If we could increase the amount of sea area that has sufficient nutrients to sustain a larger number of continuous populations of marine algae we could better mitigate the effects of CO2 and greenhouse warming. IIRC the southerly Atlantic has an algael bloom for part of the year then the water gets too warm and the upwelling ceases. Is there not any viable way of mechanically raising the sediment and allowing it to disperse in the upper layers to keep the algae going?
Bright green areas in this map have high biological activity:
http://www.ecology.com/2011/09/12/important-organism/
70-80% of the world's oxygen comes from marine algae ...that's a lot of carbon dioxide absorption. If only we could make those blue bits in the map look green...