Genady

So, in your definition it might be a living organism. How important is your definition? Does it matter? PS. AFAIK, chemistry does not ask the OP question.

Definitions have purpose. NASA has its definition of living organisms for the purpose of looking for life on other planets. Biology has its definition of living organisms for the purpose of biological research. Systems science has its definition for the purpose of determining levels of complexity. Etc.

For which purpose?

0/0=1 is wrong everywhere.

But definition depends on the purpose. What is it going to be used for? Or, when? Where?

For which purposes?

Which law?

Tel-Aviv University. Retired.

It works for me. I often use it. Just have it tested again. I closed the screen after typing the sentence above, went to another thread, came back - it was here.

No, it is not.

It is not too late to erase it.

I see. There are teachers here, but I am not. They might advise you where to start.

Seems to me that it's better to start from the other end. What do you know about integrals?

I am one.

What don't you understand?

No, not necessarily. No.

Such a thing does not exist. However, there are many tools which help. And trial and error.

Then how does it work if p=0?

Yes, 'tis the season. Stay safe. We might get some rain from the #3:

Turns out that the sum of squares of the three distances, a2 + b2 + c2, is the same for all points on the circle. It appears as an algebraic "accident." What could be a geometric reason for this fact?

I don't know. But this factor is so obvious that I doubt it was not addressed. How do you know that it was not addressed?

All these factors go under the "tired light" hypotheses. They were investigated quite thoroughly, and the general conclusion is that they don't fit observations. There are many articles about them, their predictions and tests. Perhaps other members here will give you more specific answers.

I've found some information on it here: quote source - Who said "Poetry is the art of giving different names to the same thing"? - Literature Stack Exchange

Does it mean abstraction? For the context, nawinterviewP.pdf (uu.nl):

In what reference frame?