Peterkin

How justice is administered is never a question of determining the freedom of will: all justice systems act as if individuals were in control in their actions, just as all individuals experience our own actions as if they were autonomous. Really, whether we have or have not free will makes no difference. The administration of justice: its principles, its aims, its forms and application all depend on the society's view of mankind and how each member fits into a society. This sounds much too familiar. I guess we've been here before.

Like savages? http://www.ajic.mb.ca/volumel/chapter2.html

Prison sentences have very little to do with degree of culpability. They're a product of legislative decisions and the practice of law in a given society, which in turn are products of the culture and mood of the society. Justice systems as they exist today are all predicated on the presumption of free will: that an adult is responsible for all of his or her actions. More liberal-leaning systems allow for diminished capacity in certain conditions, or extenuating circumstances. The length of sentences don't always match the crime, let alone the freedom of the perpetrator's will. Scientifically, I don't see this as a subject that lends itself to investigation or experimentation - except possibly for developing enhanced interrogation methods.

Unlikely, unless they were stored under museum vault conditions. However, if they were builder-carpenters, some of the old buildings in Nazareth village - which is a museum - may have original beams lifted in place by Joseph and his sons.

If you have a religious faith, the next best consultant would be a spiritual advisor. Failing that, talking to wise elders (relative, mentor, family friend?) may be useful. If you have a spouse or significant other, they should certainly be made aware of your condition, and might be able to offer support. Consulting books or on-line sources of information may be a good idea, so long as you don't fall into some faddish regimen or self-medication. You could seek out support groups - live or on websites - with similar problems. Whatever you decide, it's better to share the burden with people you trust than trying to manage on your own.

Yes, a single tree can become self-pollinating with grafted branches. It's something of a fad among nurseries now to graft four or five different kinds of fruit into a single tree. It should be done when the tree is quite young - 2-4 years is recommended. In late winter or early spring, when severe cold is over, but the leaves are not yet open.

Well, they're usually capsules, rather than tablets. But the contents are simply listed as 'salmon oil' or 'fish oil' and sometimes 'wild salmon oil'. I can think of only one reason why farmed fish wouldn't contain the same metals and other water contaminants as wild ones: the farm is in a no-outflow area. You have no way of knowing where the ones in you supplement were grown. A small advantage of the wild ones is that they have a fairly wide range and might have less exposure. The safest option is to devise a balanced, healthy diet and not depend on supplements. (Cheapest, too!) The second safest optiopnn is to buy the vegetable-based supplement. For the ecology --- who knows?

You can always read the teeny-tiny print on the side of the jar. The otc supplements are not strictly regulated as to sourcing and dosage; if you actually need it for an existing condition, get a doctor to prescribe the superior kind. In general, the best sources are supposed to be a variety of wild-caught fish: mackerel, tuna, anchovy, herring and cod. Salmon is the best known, but it's also the most intensively farmed fish, and there are several issues with fish farming . You can also find vegetarian sources, like walnuts, algae and flax seed. If you're taking vitamin A supplements, be careful of your dosage.

Yes, pretty much. Also more subtle uses of an ability to calculate what is likely to happen, where and and how fast. E.g. the most agile monkeys pick fruit in the highest branches branches and throw it down to family and friends below. The ones who can best figure the trajectory of an airborne object would catch the most fruit. If a predator is approaching at speed, its eta and point of impact are very handy to anticipate and vacate. If ones troop, while fleeing such a predator, should be near a cliff edge, it's useful to calculate the last viable moment to veer off, and in which direction. The need for such an instinct goes well back into the dinosaur era.

It's not reflex, but it is instinctive. When you slip or trip and are about to fall, you have very little time to decide what action to take: try to regain your balance, grab some solid support to stop the fall, or mitigate the damage by using arms or legs to absorb the shock or rolling to lessen the impact. In every situation, one of those actions is more likely to be effective than any of the others. The brain is able to make those very fast calculations through a few million of years of animal experience. It's similar with catching an object you drop. One response is appropriate for an egg, another is appropriate for a knife or a pudding or a baby. We're not aware of weighing possible dangers, the importance of saving the falling object and odds of success, but that's exactly what our brains are doing.

Right. If your cage is comfortable and your food-bowl always filled on time, who needs autonomy?

Not unless he felt terribly guilty and would have committed suicide if others didn't kill him. Because, if we really know that we cannot get free, we lie down and stop eating. The tiger pacing back and forth behind his bars still doesn't know that he can never escape: he's still holding on to a vestige of hope. So does a guerilla in occupied territory. Risking death is no big deal compared to accepting eternal captivity. I doubt most animals can have proper peace of mind in a prison. A few probably do, and stop fighting. That makes them suitable zoo exhibits, while the pacing tiger disturbs the visitors' peace of mind.

I never even knew he had a problem with drink. Oh, the apocrypha I've missed!

It didn't happen last time. "One" would just be killed again... and again.... and again

Yes: I flip past them as fast as I can, usually without registering what they want me to buy. I know I'll never go on a cruise, which is what the curtain in front of this thread invited me to do; I'll never import a beautiful Russian girl; I'll never know which five fruits to avoid for belly fat. I have, however, stopped consulting some respectable publications, because they have the text sandwiched between two giant ads and it's like reading through a mail-slot - just not worth the discomfort. So, yes, a lot of ads slide past awareness, but the only way they influence my behaviour is to prompt evasive action - that is, the very opposite of what they hope to accomplish. Maybe someday advertisers will realize this. I hope the same will someday be true of religious and political propaganda.

Those shelters may be needed again pretty soon. Some of them, in various parts of the world, are being restored and refurbished.

Adobe or some form of cob construction has been used in many parts of the world for millennia. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/why-these-west-african-architects-choose-mud-over-concrete https://regenerativeskills.com/articles-1-2016-5-24-cob-getting-to-know-one-of-constructions-most-ancient-and-versatile-materials/ https://thefifthestate.com.au/innovation/materials/new-meets-old-cob-houses-enter-the-twenty-first-century/ in hot and cold climates, as its insulating properties are equally effective against both extremes. It's a whole lot more cost-effective than drilling rock and allows for more configurations as well as more functional interior spaces. It's happening. Well, a big rock would be earthquake proof, so long as it wasn't a seaside cliff, but they are hard to move from inland, so the people would need super fast transport tunnels to get to a city. Unless their work space was in their home. You know there are already plenty of existing and abandoned mines where all the blasting has been done already. I wouldn't want to live in one - especially near the San Andreas Fault, but it's hot and growing hotter by the year in New Mexico, Nevada and Arizona, too, where people might not be very keen on having monumental rock formations destroyed.

Can you please demonstrate how bronze age technology works in modern elevators? I didn't realize the giant termite structure proposal was restricted to Southern California. But, of course, we don't actually know what climatic changes Southern California may be facing in the next two or three decades. What is the monetary and ecological cost of these various coating options on the required scale? Sorry. You hadn't mentioned hollowing out rocks. Who needs daylight anyway, right? And who wouldn't appreciate a 4x4' pillar in their bedroom? Are there lots of these big rocks in Southern California that nobody owns or will you bring them over from Africa? That's all right, it wasn't important. Just interesting, I thought, that people a long time ago faced similar problems and came up with solutions that can still be useful today. And yet you feel inclined to post. At length. How ironic. I could have gone on longer, but my interest flagged. Judge for yourself.

The idea is fairly old - no finance; just humanpower in a difficult climate. https://online.nmartmuseum.org/nmhistory/art-architecture/ancestral-pueblo-architecture/history-ancestral-pueblo-architecture.html The revived version is less interesting.

You have a couple of problems there. The energy required to lift everything - all the materials in construction and then all the occupants and their supplies. The power source has to be constant, which is very difficult to ensure under present climate conditions, let alone those yet to come. It would also require superlative insulation, with so much surface area exposed to sun and blizzard. And the usual high-rise problems: how to escape if it's hit by a hurricane or earthquake or bomb. The building materials themselves are a major consideration. Steel and concrete have ugly big ecological bootprints. I quite like this part. I have a notion of repurposing some existing office towers to human habitations, including community food and recreation gardens on every third or so floor. But that leaves the other problems - energy, lifts and insulation - unsolved. Much safer, and more efficient, though undesirable to claustrophobics, are underground cities. On the whole, I would prefer an Earthship house.

Lots more relatives across the sea.

I can't think of more than one reason: He looked it up and sent off the solution, without taking any of it seriously. My guess is he wasn't really engaged, maybe absorbed in something else but didn't want to let you down: Here's an answer, go away and stop bothering me.

Know what better than who does? I assume that I know some things better than some people, and that I know some things imperfectly or not at all, while some other people know those other things far better or a little better than I do. I've never met a god, and don't claim to know them at all, but I've read and heard quite a lot about many of them. I assume some people know more about them than I do and some people know less.

Yes, that's also a question. Nice to see God left out of it.

Yes. Therefore, the correct question is: What are the benefits of imagination?