noquacks

Yes, I did. You though may be ignorant of sociology. I do not discriminate, and I am not a racist. And neither did you offer suggestions, rather resorted to brazen insult to massage your ego. And that goes for the 2 likes that applauded your post. Do you have anything to offer which can shed light on anything related to my post? Or are you not so informed on evolution?

People, We have 3 arbitrary "races" of H Sapiens, Negroid, Caucasian, Mongoloid (according to sociologists ). Around the world's regions though, we see more than 3 different types of body features which the races are based on. Far east we see Asians as mongoloid (China, Japan, Pacific islands, etc), but just next door in India, we see people with different colors and facial features. Which race are they? Same thing in Europe, mostly Caucasian but just in N Africa (Libya, Algeria, etc) we see what many would call Arab, not Caucasian, nor Negroid. The India/China border mystery is most puzzling to me. How could evolution of man explain that difference in facial anatomical features when evolution knows no borders? Another example is Russia/Mongolia. Why Russians are Caucasian but just cross the political border and in Mongolia you get Mongoloids? How can evolution explain that? Thanks, people.

Regarding simple sulfuric acid either concentrated or even 25% v/v or stronger, I use glass wool. Packed in a plastic funnel, using gloves as the wool can cut into your skin and irritate. But the sintered glass funnel above is a neater/cleaner approach.

How to Pray? Well, I was taught how by the nuns at the Catholic school I attended. So, I guess I was following directions as best a child could. And i continued to pray that way for.......another 45 years or so. Thats how I pray, not sure how you pray. Maybe there are different methods. But my experience is that praying does not work. Mathew, 7.7, "ask and it shall be given to you". I asked, begged, knelt, bowed, dutifully, in subservience but never received what I requested. So, disappointed, I quit praying for favors. Does it work for you? It has been shown that praying does not work. There is no evidence that it does so. Despite this, I kept praying for 50 years or so til I read one book too many.

The borate pool approach has been abandoned for years. Chlorine still is king. The major pool service/suppliers do not touch the borate idea. I deal with one of the biggest names in pool supply/service in the nation. They buy my analytical chem products. Thats all I can say about it. I thought about borates,for my own pool, but had to abandon the "idea".

It has finally sunk in, exchemist. Thanks for taking the time to explain further, although, many members did the same. i now understand much better the whole process of combustion and "burning". Thanks to all here.

Right- matter of fact, archaeiologists, etc, have made finds of ancient cultures, based on the charcoal deposits/residues/evidence for their fires for cooking, warmth, etc. Many examples of Native American finds, dated back some thousands of years ago in N America........

But the carbon that remains did not convert to CO2 gas. It remained a black residue/by product. (right?) But so far, thanks , people, for so many helpful replies. I am still unclear though. What am I not understanding..........

So, in a routine fire, burned matter , mostly charcoal is actually not fully "carbonized"? And charcoal compounds can react to give new building blocks for new life forms?

People, I often wondered, about what happens to all the carbon compounds, primarily cellulose, from the "wood" of plants/trees after a fire destroys the plant. Isnt the product a combination of charcoal, or outright burnt wood/carbon? If so, isnt it true that such a state of carbon will not react in nature, since carbon is so difficult to react with any compound. Imagine- how can charcoal react to form new plant growth if it has been destroyed by natural fires/volcanic heat/etc over billions of years. The plants growth comes from CO2 in the air, then converted to cellulose, then burns up in a fire, and cannot react anymore(?). Doesnt that mean that eventually the carbon amount subjected to intense heat events will be "used up" on Earth? Thanks, people.

Thanks, people. Good to know I am not the only one a bit mystified. The lipid idea seems to make much sense. It is their "antifreeze", I suppose.

People, A bacteria cell has water in it, so once that freezes does not the cell lyse/explode? As in ice forming, expansion, and cell wall bursts? Sure, there is not just pure water inside the cell, salts/proteins/etc, but mainly water. There has to some kind of "anti freeze compound protecting them, correct? Thanks, people.

Religion vs pseudoscience are different?? Academically, yes, perhaps, but what's the point? One is a cult, and the other is quackery. Both are threats to advancement of science, knowledge, and the general well being of human life/living standards. The fact they may be different does nothing to validate either belief. I agree with your take on judaism being perhaps less "heinous". Still, does not validate or justify that cult. Yes, the Holocaust is a Black Page/Chapter in human history, with unspeakable crimes against Jews (and let's not forget the crimes against Muslims too). But it is not mutually inclusive to say well, Jews suffered immensely at different periods in the last 3000 years, so that justifies at least one of our practices to continue to demean women by including in our prayers every morning to thank Yaweh that I (a man) was not born female. I have no stomach for any religious cult which demeans women, which must include Christainty, Islam, and Judaism. They are all about the subjugation of women. The world will never elevate itself in terms of living standards until we stop the exploitation/subjugation of women.

Thanks, Chen! That seems easy for me to do (for the Mn Cl). I dont have any of those reducers around though for the Copper chloride. But at least I got one of those taken care of! Thanks again! Goofy website useage- I click quote and difficult to know where to type, then I end up with 2 quotes. I will learn eventually, I guess.

Copper I chloride. I should have explained that. Also, while we are at it, wanting manganese chloride, but have just Mn sulfate..........Thanks.

People, Have some cupper sulfate pentahydrate, wanting to concert it to the chloride. Aqueous solution for is OK. Can I just add an excess of conc HCl to the solution of the sulfate? Then crystalize the chloride and wash off the sulfate solution? Thanks.

Well then, be careful how you use the word "God". Your post is a bit confusing.......

I prefer not to view God as my Master, thats why I dont believe in any God. And I am not his child, and he is not my Father, nor is any Priest my Father. I do not abide by his so called "rules" (to observe the Sabbath, etc etc). The Hindu cult is much like any other. Based on fiction, superstition, myth and legends. And as far as 'coming back as .......life forms", no "evidence" of reincarnation has ever passed scientific scrutiny.

Maybe, but then that was what Walt Disney said. Not sure if he would be considered a crackpot- racist maybe, but perhaps not a crackpot. Now, there was a time when his bankers DID worry that he may have been a crackpot. Until he proved them wrong. Sometimes it does take a crackpot.

Actually, we should be talking about Dawkin's teacup , orbiting a planet between earth and mars. Doesnt anyone here worship that?? Im the atheist, so dont blame me.

yes.

Interesting you ask- I actually have read one book too many, Trul. I am an old scientist, with multi disciplinary background. Thats all I can say so far on the internet. I should have qualified my question as "what positive, beneficial contribution has Religion made in 3000 years". As of yet, you have not provided any answer. You did however mention education. You mean Sunday School? Where "teachers" teach how Adam and Eve were the 1st man/woman on Earth? And how Moses met God on Mt Sinai via a burning bush? Do you actually believe Religion spawned the Renaissance? Then how did we manage to produce a Galileo whos discoveries about astronomy challenged and threatened the Catholic Church DURING that Renaissance? No one can prove exactly how/what spurred on the Renaissance. Our Constitution was written mainly by Deists (Jefferson, Washington, Monroe, etc) , not exactly a religious cult (you can google it). Either way, IMO, the Constitution is not perfect, and written by at least some hypocrites, albeit, masterful writers (thing all men are created equal- except leave my slaves out of it so I alone can benefit from them). Again, I offer two of the most stark examples of the contribution of science without which, in a few short weeks you would be dead- the disinfection of water throughout the modern world and the Haber Process. There are many more examples. Religious Cult "leaders" only have offered the idea of prayer, penitence, the misguided hope of eternal salvation, and false hope. And let's not forget the vile wicked sexually disfunctional priests who pervert sexual desire/urge itself by appearing to practice abstinence as some sort of reverence to be admired.

Religious cuts have contributed almost nothing beneficial to humanity over the span of about 3000 years. Worshiping an imagined God just serves to generate more superstition, myth, fallacy, and plain nonsense. Science has provided most of what we depend on daily, for healthy living, and convenience, not to mention wealth. Without scientific discoveries we would be dead within 3-4 weeks (think chlorine to disinfect water, the Haber Process for the generation of fertilizer , etc). Your idea that "a utopian world will happen when we learn to control science" is also , in my opinion and based on what I have read/learned and concluded, is also misplaced. There can not be a utopian world with the concept and emotion of possession. Greed/possession are the reason we will never have a utopian world. Has little to do with science. This goes way back to the times when man had no idea of where babies come from.

Who said that the above is true?? I make buffers every day. Tell us what your goals are regarding buffers then we can get somewhere.

In a way, yes, respect, in context of course. I should think there is a better word for it, perhaps acknowledged, maybe not so much "respect". The problem with the Bible is that too many people still believe much of its content literally. It is full of falsehoods. Therefore, it has no credibility. That doesnt mean we shouldn't understand why it was written that way, but respect maybe is too strong a choice of a word. Of course, Charles, as you mentioned, since it was the 1st attempt, one should expect that. And the main problem today with the Bible is that is seems to have a privileged status, that it is to be questioned. Its only practical use today really is as a required study for English majors/English Literature. It is truly a treasure for that purpose, but little else.