Genetics

Hello, I had a question that tended to cause many disagreements pertaining to genetics. Here it is: What is the probability of two parents producing 3 offspring all of the same gender? They can be boy or girl. I have heard 1/8 and 1/4 does anyone have a definitive answer?

One of my big interests is protein evolution. But still no luck on following the evolution of a protein. I have tried. No studies. No papers. No evidence it happens ever. Just flawed theories. No help from interested and knowledgeable people. I wrote software to study it. The simulation gave me many things to think about which I did not expect to find. But it did not provide even a ghost of a pathway to the first protein. Perhaps proteins never came into existence. Perhaps, proteins don't exist. (Just kidding. frustrating that I have to actually say that, lest some joker replies: "Proteins do exist, You're dumb." If you are this sort of member, p…

My First Colony early evolution simulation software is spitting out some very interesting results. As some of you may know from following my previous posts, I wrote this software to explore the immediate precursor protein of Myoglobin. The software has since taken on a life of its own. Dr. Alex Aller validated my software in a very interesting discussion with him at his home in our home town of Key West FL. I have been running many simulations and reviewing the results. My software outputs a file logging the entirety of the genome of every organism in every generation and tags each with a serial number so that it can be traced back to its original replicato…

The only evolutionary imperative is replication. Any characteristics thought to have arisen by evolutionary process must do so by augmenting replication in some manner, since robustness of replication is the only characteristic which can be tested for adaptive success. Nature tests replicative success when a species either succeeds and thrives or fails to thrive. Success validates a new characteristic's augmentation to replication, while replicative failure deselects the characteristic. Replicative success is effected my many random factors at once. Any new characteristic effecting replication by some insignificant amount relative to the many other random facto…

Hi guys. I recently ran a gel electrophoresis using agarose gel. I digested plasmids and genomic DNA. however, among this I digested Drosophila genomic DNA. On my results photo, instead of bands all I can see is a faint white smudge all the way up the lane. what happened ? and how do I interpret this?

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With immigration ever hitting the media lately, and me lately discovering that all white people evolved from travelling tribesmen from Africa and Central Asia does that mean that all immigrants coming into Europe now will eventually turn white?

Here's something I've been wondering about for a while. We're a technological species, that can create tools external to ourselves for our own use. Is there a possiblity that a species could be a bio-technological species, that is able to manipulate it's body to make new tools or proteins or enzymes or antibodies? Basically an organism that is able to genetically engineer itself. For example if a critter had a mechanism to "intentionally" mutate an mRNA (or copy and mutate DNA) for an enzyme, but place the resulting enzyme in a vessicle to test its effectiveness. Then if it is useful, add the new information to its genome. Though relatively simple, however, it seems t…

In runs of First Colony where advantageous mutations were assigned zero probability, the length of organisms containing sequences expressing replicative ability grew in length. The average number of nucleotides increased despite zero advantageous mutations. Screen capture of a run where advantageous mutation are suppressed to zero, showing genome growth of nearly 200%. Disadvantageous mutations are allowed but were suppressed by replication. Software available free at http://www.satellitemagnet.com/firstcolony Screen capture of control simulation run where advantageous mutations are not suppressed, showing genome growth of the same nearly 200%. A…

Hey everyone, I'm not finding a good amount of resources/papers/etc. on the genetic disorder "Cri du Chat". Can anyone point to some good articles/websites etc. or post some general information on it? I appreciate any help you have to offer. Many thanks!

:doh:Hi guys, I'll use RT-PCR device to identify some bacterial species on the 16S rRND level using F and R primers. DNA was extracted from the bacterial samples and used as a template and purified DNA containing the same primer sequence will use as a reference for comparison the samples results and the reference result. The primer sheet reported that the Tm (melting temperature) of primer is 60.4C and the PCR protocol run using SYBR Green-1 using melting curve analysis. I need to know exactly If my sample is amplified and was specific and closely related to the reference, Is the sample must give the same Tm that for primer sheet (60.4 C) from melting curve?? or How I Id…

Hi, Ok, How I can measure the fluorescence curve obtained from my machine? Thanks,

Hi guys, I'll use RT-PCR device to identify some bacterial species on the 16S rRND level using F and R primers. DNA was extracted from the bacterial samples and used as a template and purified DNA containing the same primer sequence will use as a reference for comparison the samples results and the reference result. The primer sheet reported that the Tm (melting temperature) of primer is 60.4C and the PCR protocol run using SYBR Green-1 using melting curve analysis. I need to know exactly If my sample is amplified and was specific and closely related to the reference, Is the sample must give the same Tm that for primer sheet (60.4 C) from melting curve?? or How I Identif…

Discovering "the fountain of youth" in a sewage outlet behind a hospital.

What is the probability of seeing a brown-eyed blonde on the streets in the US? So how rare is it?

Can someone explain the mechanism by which these work? (ie. what enzymes are involved, do transpoable elements have characteristic sequences?) Also if you know of a link to a video/animation it would be greatly appreciated Thanks

At some point in the far distant past, when earth was devoid of all life, somewhere on the planet, the first short assembly of nucleotides became the first RNA replicator. In the seconds and minutes after that event, this randomly assembled sequence replicated itself over and over again, as fast as it could. This was its only purpose in the universe, to replicate itself. The conditions at that exact point in time and at that exact location were very conducive to the random assembly of nucleotides. Conditions were "hot." So this sequence, perhaps for a short period of time or perhaps extended period, not only replicated itself, but because of the conducive condit…

It's ready! You can download -First Colony- early evolution simulation software at www.satellitemagnet.com/fcolony.exe Download it and double click it. If it fails to start the first time, It just ran into a little problem writing an ini file for itself. Opening that file with note pad will allow you to adjust all of the parameters. Just double click Fcolony again to see it run. Press enter to get through the welcome screen and both parameters screens. It will begin the simulation by displaying the detail of every nucleotide of every random sequence in a theoretical primordial pool where we assume that the chemical environment was conducive to catalyzation of rand…

I am writing a fiction about monster birds which should be "island tamed" but instead evolution has gone the opposite. Herbivore, omnivore or Carnivore are just as fierce to outsider as to native predators. And on what conditions will it happen. I don't want my birds to end up like dodos tame and defenceless due to lack of predators. My island had no mammals until people got there in my story. Rat were introduced but the local birds picked them for food just as easy. And also Have heard that the Giant African Snail was picked off easily by Christmas island Crabs.

my prof in genetic class gave everyone this take home question for us to think about: What would happen to the supercoiling of the DNA if the C2 and C3 carbon bond at the sugar backbone is cut? Shouldn't it disrupt the supercoiling in a way that all the base will not stack anymore? This one is a toughie...

Question: You are going to clone a part of this small DNA insert into a plasmid by cutting out the insert with SexAI restriction enzyme, opening up the plasmid with SexAI, and then ligating the two pieces together. Given the sequances of the insert and part of the plasmid (below), show where the SexAI sites are in both sequances and then write the sequence of the part of the plasmid including the insert once the pieces have been ligated. Indicate the insert, the plasmid, and the SexAI sites on the new sequance. Insert: 5' CGATACCTGGTGATTGTAAGCCACC... 3' Plasmind: 5' GTAATGCCATTCACCTGGTTTAGGC... 3' What I know: I know that the SexAI enzyme cuts at: 5'ACCW…

Let's say I want to have 50 mice with a certain gene knocked out for an experiment. How would you make this many knock out mice in the lab? Thanks

The creationists were right. Darwin was reaching into a black box to answer the questions that he could not with the observations of his day. But now with our new found genetic understanding, we should finally be able to piece together the missing pieces. I am writing, almost ready for first debug, software that will allow anyone to actually see a plausible evolution of the very first RNA creatures which must have existed in some primordial pond, just moments after the first replicator arose. Anyone will be able to track the lineage of any single organism by comparing genomes of each new organism on the map the first few seconds of evolution. I need your he…

Well, some of the results anyway. I didn't notice is was 2 am this morning when I stopped working on the model. I was excited because even though I still do not have a user interface to look at the simulation engines output, I am skilled enough to understand the output if I take a little time. And you bet, I was excited to try some runs. MUTATION RATE RESULTS I knew that the mutation rate was important, but the results of these early runs suggest that it is even more important than I thought. It is the relationship between the replication rate and the mutation frame shift plus and the mutation frame shift minus rates that needs careful balance. The…

Hi I wonder how do birds that have a huge wing land on a flat surface. Won't it crash and will having a pair of strong long legs help to brake? How will a bird with a 8m wingspan land on land?