studiot

But there are (were) also arguments for placing the generating capacity near to coalfields, hence the Trent, Soar and Ouse (including Drax). The Wiki article also implicitly confirms my comment about fragmentation. And today we see flood warning is certain areas coupled with drought orders in others because the once unified water industry is now in the same boat fragmented and worse because we are without a national water grid.

I used that little word if. It is not my premise at all it was the government's excuse for the action described in the BBC article. I take your word for the 20% - 50 % spare capacity, as i said you are in a position to have better figures than I.

Heathrow excepted ?

Thanks. Indeed it also says

@baltoche Have you given up ? I would recommend a variation on the 4 terminal measurement technique https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-terminal_sensing The Wiki version is DC but you can replace the battery with an ac generator. A simple way to effect the measurent is to insert a non inductive high resistance (in comparison to the rail resistance you are measuring) in series with the source to cause it to be a constant current source. Measuring the voltage then give a direct readout of the resistance or impedance. In the days of vacuum tube meters this method was commonly used to achieve a linear resistance/ impedence scale.

No, you didn't answer my question.

Two comments about this. First we are supposed to have a national grid. Of course 'every region' brings with it the price of Thatcher's fragmentation. Second did I say network ? Networks can be fed from an extremity or from the middle or indeed from any or many points. For example power could have been diverted from Didcot B or Little Barford to Canterbury, distance just over 100 miles or even other closer stations. Then power from say Ratcliffe on Soar to these, again around 100 miles, but there are many more alternatives. Again only some of the alternatives would have been at full capacity.

Welcome and Thanks for reading my post. What do you want to discuss about it ? Please note as a new member you are limited to 5 posts in your first 24 hours. Posting is unlimited thereafter.

It seems the news of the union of science and christianity hasn't reached everyone yet. Can you not accept there must be some differences otherwise they would be exactly the same?

It is always the workers at the bottom that pay the price for poor management decisions. Conversely it is easier for management to cut costs by cutting staf and/or salaries than by doing something to upset the customer.

Not quite, no. There is no such neutral molecule as the ammonium molecule for instance.

So you are open to some form of evolution. This is good because I am succeeding in getting you to think. The 'Bible' is not one book but really like a folder or filing drawer containing many books. And there are many versions not just the one. Each version leaves out some books but includes some that others do not so every one is different. The whole collection was written over the best part of a thousand years. Furthermore Two separate versions were written - one in Greek and one in Hebrew. I know this because a late school friend who was a lawyer so retired early and comfortably wanted to read the bible - but in the original. So after retirement he spent a few years learning Greek and Hebrew. He then took an Masters in The Bible as a source book - That is not religous but trying to find the meaning and history behind the writing. We had quite a few conversations about his studies and I must admit that I learned many things about the Bible that I did not know. For instance Jesus would have spoken Aramaeic. Because of the scattering of the tribes in that period of writing the old testament there were two centres of Jewish culture, one base in Alexandria where they spoke Greek and one in Jerusalem where they spoke Aramaeic and wrote in Hebrew. The two centres are 500 miles apart by sea and almost a thousand miles apart by land. So two versions of the old testament were written, in two different languages and you can imagine the difficulties correlating the histories over that distance, language barrier and the time it took for reports to reach one or the other. So you can see why it is easy to find discrepancies in those circumstances. In centuroes past, from Kepler to Galileo to Maxwell to Lyell to Hutton and many others the wise men of the day set out to proove the Bible, not to disprove it There were suprises when what they found sometimes disagreed with the established churches. Back to Parrot as you will see from the full introduction to the book by Keller The Bible as History, from which I took the quote, modern scientists in the guise of archaeologists try to see what they can what historic records the Bible has to offer compared with records from other civilisations and what they can literally dig up. But is it always to be remembered that the authors of the Bible had no concept of The Americas or the thriving very advanced Chinese civilisation; their 'world' was confined to a small area in the Middle East.

Can I respectfully suggest you make the effort to get swansont's name right ? I know I make a lot of typos but this would show some actual respect. Can I also recommend a course in basic mechanics as you are just sowildly adrift here. This is needed particularly before venturing into fluid mechanics where there are indeed two forms of analysis the Lagrangian formulation and the Eulerian formulation. But you should also be aware that these two formulations, aalthough they appear different are actually equivalent.

OK if they are the same, how did they come to be so different ? How did we come to look pretty similar to the people of the bible lands, but very differnt from say the chinese or indonesians ? I gave you Professor Parrot's thoughts because his were pretty similar to yours, what did you think ?

I would like to know why you think that.

OK so if I understand you correctly you wish to measure the resistance of a length of rail section ? You should be aware that electrical resistance does not change with frequency - IOW there is no such thing as AC resistance per se. If AC is involved it has a frequency dependant property called impedance, which is a compound quantity of the resistance and the ac reactance. Commonly instead of Vdc = IdcR (ohm's original law) we have Vac = IacZ One method of measuring the resistance is to use a variable frequency generator and measure the ratio of Vac / Iac For a range of frequencies and plot a graph of the result. You can then extrapolate this graph back to zero frequency (ie DC) to obtain the resistance component. This technique is often used to get around two effects that can upset the measurement. One is polarisation and the other is the effects of contact potentials or contact resistance with the measuring equipment. Does this help ?

Before I offer you some more amterial, here is a small question for you to think about. The Bible only refers to a small number of the worlds peoples. What do you think about where the ones it does not refer to came from ? Here is an interesting quote from a famous archaeologist Professor Andre Parrot

The short answer is yes, but it rather depends upon what you are trying to do. It is not as simple as you think. If you would like to tell us more about your problem we can help further.

A Short poem. The liberals and the greens Are nowhere to be seen Reform is interesting because half their policies are to the left of our left wing parties and half is to the right if our right wing parties. They have no middle. Since you worked the control room at Drax, you I am sure you are well aware that the whole point of a grid is that it is not a linear structure and it is not necessary to transmit the electricity 500 miles over a grid. I am also sure that you are in a far better position than I to estimate the losses (= pumping costs) of oil and or gas over thousands of miles as compared to electricity losses over suitable cables. The UK buys geen (nuclear) energy from France and southern Europe now buys solar exported from north Africa. There are now several pumped storage facilities in Scotland, the nearest match to Dinorwig is Cruachan. Interestingly Drax limited bought Cruachan in 2018.

Kind of you.

If you don't mind my asking What University are you at and what course are you studying ?

@Sensei a question for you My impression of these constructs is that the English I see is good, too good in fact. I wonder if they incorporate some sort of after filter to ensure this. It is easy for a clumsy human like myself to spot the product of a construct.

Some interesting responses there +1

And then again, maybe not. The government's policy, announced yesterday is for all newbuild to have solar panels, so why would the new owners need extra grid supply ? Further the scheme for selling back surplus solar generation has now ended. We are also told that the building regs will be altered to make newbuild gas boilers illegal. Yet more tinkering around the edges instead of a proper set of regs, properly enforced, so that folks buying will not be subject to the gremlins of today. But in any event the official statistics say that electricity demand is currently declining.

And yet electricity use in the UK has been declining for at least 20 years. https://www.statista.com/statistics/323381/total-demand-for-electricity-in-the-united-kingdom-uk/ It is difficult to get historic electricity use figures. The government statistics office in particular wraps it obtuse ways and considers 'energy by sector'. Energy use overall has fallen significantly since 1970 So why do we need this new distribution network ? All I see is that two nuclear power stations near me have been happily supplying power since 1966. All of a sudden a third one is nearly finished (within 5 years nearly !) and the wise and wonderful have decided that the old transmission equipment is no longer 'good enough' so new pylons are being built. Tjose same wise and wonderful folks have spent the last decade ripping up the south east and south midlands to great distress locally to build that crazy train costing billions and bilions. If they ahd really though about it they could have provided a new spine for the grid, just where it is allegedly needed, within the 'land- take'.