Radical Edward

assuming it is possible to get chloroplasts into the cells, the oxygen would be transported in the blood, just as it, and all other dissolved gases, are now. There would be no need for stomata.

because chloroplasts became intercellular symbionts after mitochondria, so then you have two lineages. one lineage with chloroplasts and mitochondria, and one lineage with mitochondria only. For there to be organisms with chloroplasts and no mitochondria would require a separate formation of a symbiotic partnership between cells containing no mitochondria and chloroplasts. THe only other alternatice is if chloroplasts came first, then mitochondria, but then all cells would have chloroplasts.

you're a chav?

I'd say outside the solar system. If it is found on Europa (not likely titan as it's too cold) or remnants on mars or whatever, then I expect it will be the result of panspermia from earth, or perhaps less likely, earth was seeded from one of those plants/moons, and hence the fundamentals of that life will be essentially the same. Of course, the seeding life could have been a pre-DNA or early DNA life, which would be interesting. Still I doubt it will be found in our solar system.

if they are travelling at relativistic speeds, but stationary with respect to one another (as in case 2, and mostl likely case 1) then there is no difference on the force between them as observed from their own inertial frame. However there will be a difference between the force you observe on them, and the force they observe, and yu can find this by replacing d with the lorentz contraction.

peptide bonds can form spontaneously. The main purpose of enzymes is to lower the energy at which a particular reaction can occur (look up Gibbs Free Energy) and hence make it more likely to happen.

I know this is a horrible thread bump, but how is this project going?

yeap, basic diffraction stuff.

the firewall is under my total control, I shall supress it and force it to do my bidding at once.

best crick anecdote ever:

the ladder of evolution should have died when darwin wrote origins, it simply doesn't exist. The correct term is cladogram, and it is more like a bush. There are no "higher or lower" forms, just forms that are adapted to their niche, or becoming extinct.

where is the gap in the theropod bird lineage? Specimen #1 Specimen #2 Specimen #3 Specimen #4 Specimen #5 Specimen #6 Specimen #7 Specimen #8 Specimen #9 Specimen #10 Specimen #11 Specimen #12 Specimen #13 Specimen #14 (1) immediately after that, he said this is because of the extremely fractional nature of the fossil record because fossilisation is rare (2) we have discovered many many more fossils since Darwin. you might as well quote newton's comments on light. nevertheless darwin is more often than not misquoted: should really be: it looks totally different in context doesn't it?

not nescessarily no, humans are apes though.

you can work that out using basic diffraction models, by calculating the points at which constructive and destructuve interference occur for two waves of identical phase.

not likely, since this is just a result of snell's law. you can do some stuff with conceve mirrors and so on, or complex optical setups though.

An experiment performed by Shahriar S. Afshar has raised serious doubts about both the Copenhagen interpretation of QM and, to boot, the many-worlds interpretation. Recall that to date it was thought that all interpretations of QM would predict exactly the same phenomena. However, Afshar's experiment has shown an effect that violates complementarity and partitioned universe. The experiment is very simple - it's a standard 2-slit affair, with the following modification: observe the dark bands in the standard experiment, and place wires in these dark areas. These regions are where the wave models destructively interfere. Ergo there is "nothing" there to detect. However, the wires would scatter particles if they were present - and it turns out they do. For the first time, we observe "photons" behaving as particles and waves at the same time (in the same universe). Bye-bye Copenhagen. Bye-bye Everett. If this experimental result can be replicated - and it seems trivial to do - it may well spell the end of such notions as "photons"... and who knows what for electrons and so on? The favoured interpretation of QM may well become the Transactional model (based on de Broglie's original "pilot wave" theory); the required wierdness in this model comes from allowing waves to propogate backwards in time. This - whilst counter-intuitive - seems considerably less radical and unpleasant than Bohr's idea that the real world is "unknowable", and most scientists would admit that time is a poorly understood aspect of the world. http://www.rowan.edu/news/display_article.cfm?ArticleID=965

just when I use bittorrent. I just use the default ports since I don't really understand anything about ports. which ports can I use?

BT always locks my computer up, even if I limit the number of connections. no chance someone is performing a DOS on me is there?

what is your justification for this? are you saying that Homo sapiens are the same species as H. neanderthalis or H. erectus?

One aspect of evolution is change in allele proportions within the population. This has definitely changed, for example the rise of sicke cell anaemia in malaryial areas of africa. note also that human history is very short, evolution takes place on much longer timescales, and is the result of selection due to the environment. the thing about humans is that we control the environment, so there is much less in the way of selection pressures on us, since we can do things on historical rather than evolutionary timescales now. One example of this is the appendix. prior to surgery and antibiotics, appendicitis was pretty much 100% lethal. this would have selected for people with different shaped/absent appendices, however surgery has removed this selection pressure.

that makes no sense. the rayleigh scattering people are right. the sky can be red right both east and west.

do you have a site detailing more of the maths? this is great have you done any calculations regarding the solar shades i.e. how big would they have to be, and what are the cooling rates (I assume it would be cooling by Black Body Radiation) The towers you mention are interesting, but wouldn'T you have problems with the nature of the atmosphere, and what would you make them out of exactly?