chenbeier

Stryring would increase the efficency. If the solution is not stired, then chlorine gas will escape. Also can read above in the text from Studiot @ studiot Deacon process is a method to obtain chlorine by burning of HCl at Temp 450 ° C 4 HCl + O2 => 2 Cl2 + 2 H2O This has nothing to do with electrolysis of hydrochloric or sodiumchloride. This works at RT.

Generally the hypochlorous acid HOCl will be obtained, if chlorine is immersed into water. Cl2 + H2O <=> HOCl + HCl So if sodiumhydroxide is present then you would get the salts by neutralisation. Cl2 + 2 NaOH => NaClO + NaCl + H2O So if you use NaCl solution and do electrolysis then you would get on Anode side 2 Cl- => Cl2 + 2 e- and on cathode side 2 Na+ + 2 e- + 2 H2O => 2 NaOH + H2 If you stir this solution then the NaOH and the Chlorine will mixed together and you can obtain the solution above described. The amount is depending at least how much current you use. The vinegar has not much effect on it. Solution is more acidic and more conductiv. If HCl is used also HOCl can be optained, but its more unstable, because no NaOH present.

Glycerin has 3 OH group which support the solubility, because of Hydrogen bridge bonding.

In water its soluble 225 g/l, so it will be also soluble in Glycerin. This thread is 9 years old , please open a new thread next time.

Because Cobalt salts are carcinogen, it's not available. Water free CuSO4 is white and change to blue if water is present.

On the second picture I only see a drawing of a tube, maybe a cooler and beside a Single round flask. No process. I also dont understand what you are really looking for. Production of porous silicon?

The picture shows an etching process on silicon with HF and current and not an drying process.

I would try Butylcarbinol or something

The problem is that limestone is alcaline and it will decompose probably the glycol ethers Better look for a real hydrocarbon with that boiling point.

What do you want to do. What is the purpose of it. 1,4-Butanediol, what could be a product after decompose is a compound banned as a drug. Liquid extasy. This we will not discussed further here.

Drinkable alcohol is ethanol C2H5OH. Doesnt matter how it was produced.

What about glycol ether https://www.iloencyclopaedia.org/part-xviii-10978/guide-to-chemicals/item/1142-glycol-ethers-physical--chemical-properties

You start from a situation, where two compounds are soluble. If a new compound is formed, which is unsoluble, then the two reactants react each other. If New compounds also soluble nothing will be observed. If a reactant is not soluble then also no reaction takes place. For example Ca(CH3COO)2 + NaHCO3 I change my opinion. In long term also a reaction takes place, because NaHCO3 was called sodium bi carbonate, today sodium hydrogen carbonate. Bi means two, what gives the following 2 NaHCO3 => Na2CO3 + H2CO3. H2CO3 => H2O + CO2 So if this is given to the calcium acetate, then Ca(CH3COO)2 + 2 NaHCO3 => CaCO3 + 2 CH3COONa + H2O + CO2

Yes, only the unsoluble compound escapes. The others exist side by side.

Let say you mix Calcium acetate and sodium chloride Both salts are solouble, you will get everything dissolved and have Ca2+ , CH3COO-, Na+ and Cl - in solution. No reaction. The same you would get if you mix Calciumchloride with sodium acetate.

No its the opposit . Important is which component is not soluble or only slightly soluble. The reaction takes place where this will be formed if the ions come together.

The table is understandable If you check Ca with OH it says sS and Ca with CO3 also sS, slightly solouble, if you do it with Na its says s solouble. The same with acetate. So if you mix sodium carbonate and Calcium acetate , both solouble alone, then you will find a precipitation takes place , because the CaCO3 is formed. The same takes place if you take Calcium acetate and sodium hydroxide. Ca(OH)2 is formed. The opposit reaction dont takes place, because one reacting is not good solouble.

The first reaction takes place. Compare soloubility of Calcium acetate and Calcium hydroxide.

No the problem you didn't balanced the equation. The solution already given above.

Phenol red has a changing area from pH 6.4 to 8.2 yellow to Red. There is no exakt value for a pH. If you use photo meter there will be at 560 nm only one value. The absorbance is related to the concentration of the indicator. But this is not what you want to know. You want to know the pH. As already asked why not use pH Meter. For calibration your method you need anyway one. Check the colour at different pH.

The equation is not balanced. Where you get the second hydrogen from. One Acetate is missing. It is not a redox reaction.

We have acetate in this case the Calcium acetate and sodium hydrogen carbonate. To get Calciumcarbonate the sodium and the hydogen has to react with the acetate. This means sodium acetate and acetic acid has to be built. But Acetic acid will not get built because it would react directly with carbonate to CO2 back. So calcium acetate will remain. Ca(CH3COO)2 + NaHCO3 ---> CaCO3 + CH3COONa +CH3COOH!!!! This will not happen.

If you dont get precipitation then it will not occur.

No, compare the acidity or the pKa of NaHCO3 and CH3COOH Who will win the game if mixed. In my opinion Hydrogen carbonate is not able to expell acetic acid. The opposit is the case. Even CO2 development takes place.

One thing more Ca(CH3COO)2 + NaHCO3 ---> CaCO3 + CH3COONa +CH3COOH!!!! Acetic acid is to acidic that this reaction appears. It would work in opposit direction more or less.