Organic Chemistry

I am looking to invent a product. It's early stages and I don't have a patent yet, so I don't want to go into too much detail. I am wondering what gases could be safely heated. I don't have much backround in chemistry and would appreciate the help. I was wondering maybe carbon dioxide, or maybe oxygen or nitrogen? I realize the way it would be heated would be important to whether or not it'd be safe.

Two different radicals can be produced when an initiator radical adds to styrene- a primary radical and a secondary radical. Would the secondary radical be more stable due to something called hyperconjugation? If so, then why do they http://www.meta-synthesis.com/webbook/14_radical/radical.html show it as a primary one? (scroll to the near bottom of the link above)

Hello! Does anyone know if Acetone and Ethanol form an azeotrope? I have a 60/40% Acetone/Ethanol solution that I am trying to separate through fractional distillation. However, the first product comes over at 60-61C, even though Acetone's BP is 56.53, and Ethanol's is 78.4. Tried it a couple of times, making sure everything was 100% on each run, with same result, worried that I am NOT getting very clean acetone. Having said that, I have found NO info about whether the two form an azeotrope on any charts. Any advice? thanks for your help! Jeff

As I have been studying some chemistry, I came across how they make esters. It is a carboxilic acid + an alcohol, they say that they use sulfuric acid as a catalyst, now my question is, do you need a catalyst for some chemical reactions to work or does it just speed up the process? How can you tell which types of chemicals work as a catalyst in a chemical reaction? Thanks,

a primer to designing organic synthesis . [[ LINK DELETED BY MODERATOR ]]

a primer to heteocyclic chemistry download it from here [[LINK DELETED BY MODERATOR]]

this is my first post so im new here and new to this kind of stuff so anyway i made a solution of sodium chloride, vinger and water. my anode and cathode are copper it was dissolveing the copper wire on the positive end for about 10 mins i kept putting more copper on. and something wierd happend at the negitve end it bubbling up bright yellow and have know idea what that is please tell me thank you.

I've been doing some shallow research on glutenase and other peptides with the goal of degrading the gluten found in barley and wheat. The reason I want to break it down, is to create a barley/wheat derived ale completely safe for suffers of Celiac disease. It is thought that even broken down gluten may still contain long peptides which will inflame the small intestines, so those peptides may also need to be broken down. In brewing we do a procedure called a protein rest, at which we hold the grains at around 122-132F for half an hour with the goal of breaking down proteins, yet this process is supposedly inadequate. However, perhaps with the addition of certain e…

If considering the following reaction: CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + Br2 the following intermediate would be formed: (A) CH2Br-C*H-CH=CH2 <--> (B) CH2Br-CH=CH-C*H2 From (A), there forms: CH2Br-CHBr-CH=CH2 (in lesser amount) From (B), there forms: CH2Br-CH=CH-CH2Br (in greater amount) I wonder why the latter is in greater amount as (A) is a more stable secondary carbocation while (B) is a primary one. Maybe in resonance there is a constant interconversion between contributor structures but here the two have been written out and the lesser product could only be form when Br- bombards into (A) and the greater product when Br- bombards into (B). The more…

Can someone please explain to me the process of cracking oil to produce ethene or propene.

On Tv ,a doctor was saying that if u want to reduce fats from particulat part of ur body then take a cloth and place over it a paste of epsom salt & lemon juice.Then place this cloth over that part of body from where u want to reduce fat for an hour. Do this for 1 week ,U will see the difference. Before sending this thread ,I want to do it practically upon my body but I m not sure that epsum salt will hv bad effect on my skin or not. Can any one tell me 1. Is it possible to reduce fat in this way?2. epsum salt hv bad effect on skin or not. I will do it pratically & will tell the result after urs guidline.

Out of interest, how would one go about reducing carboxylic acids, to aldehydes?

Hi, I was wondering if there was a cheap way to make 1-propanol from isopropyl alcohol, since IPA is so cheaply available? I'm making a catalyst and I need a primary alcohol and 1-propanol has the best properties for my procedure. Thanks a bunch for any help!

The first question is simple, just one sentence: Why is alkyl group electron donating? The second one concerns a more specific case: Which of the following carbocation is more energetically stable? H3C-C*(CH3)F or H2C*-CH(CH3)F where the asterisk denotes the positive charge I hope someone can help, thanks.

Out of interest, are there any simple reagents or methods that can be applied in order lengthen carbon chains (given the proper functional groups, and so forth)? I say this, in the sense of, "Magically adding carbons." For example: [ce] CH3CH2CH2OH ->[delta{{X}}] CH3CH2CH2CH2OH [/ce] or, in a similar fashion, is there a means to bring this process to work in reverse, subtracting carbons? [ce] CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH ->[delta{{X}}] CH3CH2CH2CH2OH [/ce]

I was using two steel electrodes to pass a current through a solution of ascorbic acid. The negative electrode was the only one that bubbled at first (hydrogen bubbles of course). But when I came back an hour later I was most surprised to find both electrodes bubbling, and many different things going on. Both electrodes were bubbling, and the negative electrode was actually corroded! It had turned dark black. There were also pieces of this black substance falling off, which aligned when put under a magnetic field. The positive electrode had corroded too, but was a lighter, grayish color. In addition to this, a soluble violet salt was dissolving off of it. When the electri…

Can you use carbonic acid for electrolysis, and what would you get if you did? Would using carbon electrodes make this more interesting?

Under what conditions is Natural Gas exposive... Say, a room, with exceptional ventalation (a system designed to keep smoke and soot out of the room from a flaming system). The reason I ask: there was a gas leak at work, you could smell it (strongly) pretty much within 4 ft of the gas pipe, and nothing anywhere else. And, we have an open flame broiler. And there was a mild amount of panic involved... And I was trying to tell people that gas is only explosive in compressed pockets, and with the vents running, it wasn't getting anywhere... So the question... as I right, or just a little intoxicated by the gas. Thanks.

I read about creating a toxoid snake venom using equal part dihydrothioctic acid, as described in an immunization experiment. Is this the same thing as α-lipoic acid used in chelation therapy? I am investigating the detoxifying, which has been done with formalin, methylene blue, glutaraldehyde, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Dihydrothioctic acid, and UV radiation. Is there a commonality to these things that would suggest other chemicals or processes of detoxifying venoms?

I was wondering. In the reaction of full hydrogenation of 1, 4 butynediol into 1,4 butanediol, we use Platinum catalyst with Calcium Carbonate support. Is there any way to calculate the amount of catalyst needed for the reaction to go on? And how many reactions can i run before this catalyst gets wasted?

Does anyone know for sure that you can make ethylamine from acetaldehyde ammonium chloride? It's around on the internet a little bit but I have seen no real reference to such a procedure.

Is it even possible to dissolve a limestone matrix without damage to the calcite fossil covered by it? Is there a solution strength that would not affect calcite yet would be able to loosen or dissolve attached limestone? My objective is in fossil preparation, being unsuccessful in my search to find an appropriate chemical or acid concentration that won't do damage to calcite fossil such as a crinoid from the Middle Devonian era. Muriatic 6%, vinegar, even Sno-Bowl commercial cleaners all damage both the calcite and the surrounding limestone no matter how thin the limestone layer. Shale cleaners such as the Larry Osterberger solution, RockQuat, etc. do no damage to calc…

Is naptha miscible with water? Thanks

Here's the situation: I'm living in Istanbul, and I have a friend who is a brewer at the local microbrewery. He ranted to me once that the major brewery here (Efes Pilsen) adds formaldehyde to their beer, hence the nasty hangovers. I've done some superficial google searches and haven't found any evidence that formaldehyde is actually in the beer, although quite a few people seem to believe this online. So it'd be fun to test the beer. My question: How would one test the beer for formaldehyde in a low-budget way using common household chemicals? I know I can buy kits that'll test for formaldehyde but I thought it'd be more fun to do it the homegrown way. Also…

I'm new to organic chemistry, so bear with me here... Say you had a halogenated organic compound; how would you replace the halogen with hydrogen?