Organic Chemistry

A Hong Kong Teacher burning sugar and soda on a bowl of sand with alcohol, what is the chemistry behind and why it should be done on sand?

Hello, This is the first reaction in the synthesis of C60. As you can see from the attached picture the starting molecule is benzene with a chlorine attached and a bromine para to it. After a grignard reaction with Mg and MeCHO(Acetaldehyde) you get a chlorine attached and a methyl and alcohol para to it. Can someone please confirm that my thinking below is correct on how I think the initial carbonyl is reduced to an alcohol. 1. The bromine which was kicked of by the Grignard reagent now carries a negative charge and attacks the carbon double bonded to the oxygen. The 2 elections from one of the double bonds goes onto the oxygen 2. The oxygen now attacks t…

Hello, I have a problem with retrosynthesis as shown on Fig. 1. I have to synthesize the product starting from cyclohexenone. I think first step in normal synthesis will be the Michael addition as shown on Fig. 2., but I have no idea about next steps. Do you have any advice?

Hi there, Just stuck on another part of study - If 4 mole of glucose reacts with excess oxygen, O2, how many mole of carbon dioxide CO2 would be produced? So glucose i know is C6H12O6 1) What i don't understand is - am i working this equation out on the molar mass of each (to get the mols of CO2), or is it just as simple as multiplying 6mols of Carbon with the 4 mols of Glucose to produce 24mols of CO2? 2) What i also don't get is, why would it state there is excess Oxygen, but not tell me a quantity, or mass etc. Does glucose reacting with excess oxygen change how much CO2 would be produced? 3) Is question 2 above linked to the metabolis…

how to prepare it in a very simple way, starting from phenyl acid? i would like to avoid hard to remove contaminations and use only cheap chemicals... is it good idea to convert acid into salt, and react this salt with acid?

Hello,can someone please, help me with the name of the polymer in the picture.

Hi there, I don't have a chemistry background, so am struggling a bit with this one. I am required to convert the (shown) molecule to a molecular formula, but i'm not understanding how to do this. I thought maybe it was as simple as just adding everything up, i.e answer C3H9, but realise C3H9 can't be the right answer. Is it a matter of dropping a Hydrogen due to not having enough bonds on the Carbon, therefore the answer would be C3H8? I'm just not sure of the process how on to look at the structure given and write the molecular formula for the molecule. Fortunately i'm not the only one in class that is stuck on this too, we really haven't been given clear information…

A recent article on making alkenyl halides stereoselectively using olefin metathesis: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v531/n7595/full/nature17396.html Seems a decent alternative way of generating such compounds, especially fluorides. What do you guys think?

I need to know about the sizes of condenser and soxhlet extractor in my set-up. How can i choose between different volumes that are available? what factors should be considered in choosing the right condenser and soxhlet? Cheers,

Good day all. 3,4-dichloro-N-(2-hydroxycyclohexyl)-N-methylbenzamide --> 3,4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl)-N-methylbenzamide These two are fairly similar with the exception of (2-hydroxycyclohexyl) and (2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl) respectively. Would it be safe to assume there would only be one or two steps to get from one to the other as shown at the top of tbis post? Also as I am fairly curious, imagine these two were mixed together 50%/50%. How would one go about separating the two? Thanks in advance

Dear Chem folks, What are the possibilities for the formation of Mannitol methane sulfonates through trans-esterification of Mannitol with Methane sulfonic acid? Will this reaction take place under normal conditions? Please provide some literature referecne available if any.Thanks. regards RC

HI! I need information on the self-disproportionation of N-acetyl-dl-phenylalanine on achiral - phase chromatography columns . I am looking for publications in which is described the change of optical purity e.e?

Hi, i would like to know more about practical NMR spectroscopy... Please correct me in places where i am wrong... People who are measuring their samples in spectrometers use Bruker Topspin software, they put sample into the magnet, when it is inside, they use command LOCK for locking the magnetic field for the current sample (try to make it stable and homogenous?), then TUNE for "tuning and matching for ATM probeheads" - what does it mean? Then, SHIMMING (again about homogenity of magnetic field, something about gradients?), they set parameters like o1p (expected position of the signal), sw spectral width - from which nr to which nr of frequency we can obser…

I have found patent (WO 2014/100417), in which they descibe preparation of isocyanate from amine. They use amine, triphosgene, THF, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA). Is it possible to use DMAP or pyridine instead of DIPEA and oxalyl chloride instead of triphosgene? i am not sure about the mechanism of this reaction... what is more, on the reaction scheme they write piridine (no DIPEA) and now i am not sure if they made mistake... i havent found the same reaction with different substitutes http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?CC=WO&NR=2014100417A1&KC=A1&FT=D&ND=&date=20140626&DB=&&locale=en_EP

I'm an electrical engineer, and right now i am working with a system that is supposed to detect the amount of different substances in urine. Including glucose, urea, creatinine, ketons, proteins, leukocytes, nitrite, urobilinogen, hemoglobin and bilirubin. The way we want do detect the substances is in an external way, no direct contact with the urine. So we're going to use spectroscopy, sending different wavelength through the sample. Then analyze the the wavelengths to figure out the amount. So what i'm thinking about now is to order solutions of the different substances, and i have decided to try out urea and creatinine first (the amount og these substances is high…

Hello! I was wondering if there exists a form of arrangement of carbon atoms, where it is in a circle with double bonds at both sides of every C atom. Basically, something like a benzene ring, but each C atom, instead of forming 3 bonds with other carbons and 1 with hydrogen, forms a C=C bond on each side of it. Thank you, Daniel.

Hi, I'm quite new to this forum so please correct me if I've done anything wrong or have gone against any rules! I was going through Organic Chemistry problems and this particular reaction had me stumped for a while. This is the answer to the whole reaction but I don't understand how the reagents affect the original molecule because I can't wrap my head around it. Any help would be greatly appreciated! Thanks

Hi, Would varying the temperature of this synthesis have any effect on its yield? Normally temperature affects the reaction rate but would this question be applicable?

I have recently purchased Methyl Iodide D3 and ran an NMR. The spectra does not look too good. Can someone please tell me what is wrong with the material as my supplier refuses to take back the material. If there are impurities how can i purify it. Thank you all in advance Methyl Iodide-D3.pdf

Hi ! My goal is to create lotion with NaoH /stearic acid as emulsifier. My oil phase is: 15% mineral oil 20% isopropyl myristate I need to calculate how much NaOH is needed to saponify 5% stearic acid. Chemical reaction will be as follow: C₁₇H₃₅COOH + NaOH ⇒ C₁₇H₃₅COONa + H₂O My question is should I included saponification value for stearic acid or treat this calculation as normal proportion: 284.4772 g/mol - 40 g/mol 5% - x Second option as I have mentioned is taking into account saponification value for stearic acid which is between 206 and 212, so let's say for calculation purpose we will take 209. So then I wo…

is it because of the short alkyl chain on the alcohols that allow it to wedge into the cell membrane, thereby causing dissolution?

Hello everybody. Could you help me with the resonance structure of p-nitro - methylobenzene? I would appreciate it. Is any of them correct?

Ok, heres the situation. Ive extracted codiene from Tylenol 1's but its absolutely unusable, the bitterness of the solution is such that Im looking for any advise on how to get rid of the wreched acetaminophen. Sodium hydroxide works with A,C&C because aspirin is nearly insoluable while codiene phosphate is very soluable. Right now, getting AC&C is virtually impossible on account of a supply shortage. ANYWAY, getting back on point, if NaOH cant be used to destroy and remove the acetaminophen what would be my next step? is there a chemical way to get rid of this accursed acetaminophen? or can the codiene be isolated from the acetaminophen?

Hi there to all, I am trying to create a good de-icer as a small project. What I have done so far is: 60% Isopropyl alcohol 20% Methanol 20% Water Do you guys think this is any good, I am aware that methanol is toxic but I had to add it to make it stronger. Also I am still not completely sure what kind of salt to add to it and whether if 1% should suffice?. I was going for table salt cheap solution or sodium nitrite and a bit of a corrosion inhibitor, but no the best. If you have any other suggestion regarding the salt or the formula I am all open to ideas. Thanks in advanced. Also dissolving the salt seems a bit tricky since it does not dissolve? any suggestion…

In question 13, chapter 8 of Clayden, the answers say that replacing COOH with COOEt results in a greater electron-withdrawing effect. On the other hand, the book also says that COOEt can act as an electron-donor. I'm wondering, is this just a case of induction vs resonance? If this is the case, how would you draw the resonance of COOEt acting as an electron-donor? Thanks.