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  1. From basic sequences, series and calculus, to measure theory, complex analysis and more advanced topics.

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  2. Set theory, groups and ring theory, linear algebra, and other algebra-related topics.

    • 516 posts
  3. Home to threads on more applied (but non-physical/mechanical) threads; e.g. applied group theory or statisics.

    • 464 posts
  1. Started by Function,

    Hello everyone I have this strange feeling that [math]\frac{(a+b)!}{a!+b!}\in\mathbb{N}[/math]. Can this be proven? If yes, how? Never mind. Counterproof: (15+6)!/(15!+6!) [math]\notin\mathbb{N}[/math]

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    • 15 replies
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  2. Started by Unity+,

    Let's say you have a set A which consists of a subset B. Now, let's say that subset B contains infinite elements within it, but within the bounds that it would be finite in order to fit within the constraints of the finite of A. Would this be possible? I am trying to get me head around the idea that something can be infinitely small, like how there are infinitely many branches within a finite area of a fractal and yet it can't be infinitely larger than the set that contains it because it would seem a paradox would arise. I might need to clarify, so if it is confusing just ask me to clarify this.

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    • 19 replies
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  3. Started by Function,

    Hello In Belgium, you have to pass an exam in order to commence Medicine at university. Here's an example question: Be [math]8x^4+10x^3-7px^2-5qx+9r[/math] dividable by [math]4x^3+7x^2-21x-18[/math], then [math]p+q+r=?[/math] 12 13 14 15 In order to do this, I divided the first polynome by the second, resulting in quotient [math]2x-1[/math] and rest [math](49-7p)x^2+(15-5q)x-(9r-18)[/math] and as the first polynome is dividable by the second one, [math](49-7p)x^2+(15-5q)x-(9r-18)=0[/math] Can someone help me on solving this problem? Thanks. Function

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    • 8 replies
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  4. Started by Function,

    Hello everyone I was wondering if there was a proof for this theorem: Be [math]\Delta x = \sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x-1}[/math] then [math]\lim_{x\to\infty}{\Delta x}=0[/math] Thanks! Oh wait... Would this be a plausible proof: [math]\lim_{x\to\infty}{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x-1}\right)}[/math] [math]=\lim_{x\to\infty}{\left[\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x-1}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x-1}\right)}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x-1}}\right]}[/math] [math]=\lim_{x\to\infty}{\left[\frac{x-(x-1)}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x-1}}\right]}[/math] [math]=\lim_{x\to\infty}{\left[\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x-1}}\right]}\left(=\frac{1}{\infty}\right)=0[/math]

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  5. Hello everyone I have 2 questions: First of all, I'd like to know if these (notations) are correct: [math]\left(u_n=\sum_{i=0}^{+\infty}{10^i}\right)\equiv (1,0,1,0,1,0,\cdots )\bmod11[/math] [math]\left(u_n=\sum_{i=0}^{+\infty}{10^i}\right)^2\equiv (1,0,1,0,1,0,\cdots )\bmod11[/math] Secondly and finally, I'd like to know if it's possible to prove that the row [math]\left(u_n=\sum_{i=0}^{+\infty}{10^i}\right)=(1,11,111,1111,11111,111111,\cdots)[/math] has no prime numbers in it (11 excluded)? Thank you! -Function P.S. Could the title please be changed to "2 characteristics of the row (1, 11, 111, 1 111, ...)"? Thanks.

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  6. Started by alinoroozi,

    Hi everybody, Can anyone name some good solid geometry books please? My field of study is Computer sciences, so I khow basic mathematics and geometry and I have a course on basic manifold geometry, so I'm looking for some advanced books, and because I'm working on computer graphics, I prefere the books to be new and to have some new stuff. My purpose is to find the mathematical discription of shapes in 3D space. In the links below I'm going to show you what my fields of interests are: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9zier_curve http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9zier_surface http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_projection http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki…

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    • 2 replies
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  7. Started by bingliantech,

    how to delete the topic?

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  8. So, light can be explained by math by equations, heat can, water droplets can with surface tension, motion can be explained. What can't be, or is life just one big math equation?

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    • 4 replies
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  9. Hello everyone, I have found that a certain strange truth value, different from true and false, appears in all of Russell's paradox, the liar paradox, Cantor's diagonal argument, the Grelling-Nelson paradox, the crocodile dilemma, a problem related to the halting problem I came up with, and Berry's paradox. I am certainly not an expert in these problems, but I have not seen my arguments anywhere else. I think that my arguments might be new and that they say something important about these problems. I would really like to see what you think. My article is on my web page as "The Infinitely Recursive Truth Value" at http://www4.ncsu.edu/~tjarmst3/ . I am hoping some pe…

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    • 13 replies
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  10. Started by michel123456,

    The line of numbers goes like this, from negatives to positives through zero: .....-3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 ...... The symbols are mirrored around zero. They are "opposite" The negative numbers are less than zero. And minus 3 is evidently a lesser value than +3 Because the arrow of small to big goes from left to right small...................0......................BIG > from-small-to-big does not change direction. but the symbols of the line are mirrored. Minus 3 is the "opposite" of +3, but that is only a symbolic feature. .....-3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 ...... Though mathematical operations keep the small/big arrow …

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    • 9 replies
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  11. Started by Function,

    I don't know how to ask this question, so I'll just give something; my question: is there a formula which can put this 'phenomenon' in a general form? [math]1^2 = 1[/math] [math]11^2 = 121 \rightarrow 1+2+1=4=2^2[/math] [math]111^2=12321\rightarrow 1+2+3+2+1=9=3^2[/math] [math]1,111^2=1234321\rightarrow 1+2+3+4+3+2+1=16=4^2[/math] [math]\cdots[/math] How can this be put in a general, mathematically more plausible expression? I think that this is a 'crucial' part of it: (I found it about a few minutes ago; sorry if it's wrong, haven't seen summations in school yet..) (To be honest, I'm pretty happy with the result that I found this ^^ ) [math]\left[\sum…

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    • 20 replies
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  12. Started by Popcorn Sutton,

    I want to clarify on my idea of language as a computational system. I think that there are a few basic premises behind language acquisition, and that in order to make it computational, a new and unrecognized field that can be described as math is emerging. Here are the basic premises behind mathematical linguistics. One universal premise is pattern recognition. Pattern recognition is the ability to determine the statistical impracticality of randomness. This introduces the other premise, statistics plays a major part in this. In mathematical linguistics, there are four basic computational objects. 1. A set (the role this object plays is unknown, if it plays an…

  13. Started by --------------------------,

    Just recently I was messing around with fractals, I came across these by self replicating the shape and then rotating it clockwise (or counter clockwise) 90 degrees each time. It created these beautiful 'frost' alike patterns. I was wondering if anybody has meet these fractals before, and if so the name of them. 1st Fractal, rotated anti clockwise 90 degrees each iteration 2nd Fractal, rotated clockwise 90 degrees each iteration Thanks!

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  14. Started by Function,

    Hello everyone I'd like to know if following notations are correct, as first steps in order to get the canonical equations for a parabola, ellips and hyperbola: Parabola Given the focus [math]F\left(0,\frac{p}{2}\right)[/math] and directive [math]d\leftrightarrow y=\frac{-p}{2}[/math] of a parabola [math]\mathcal{P}[/math]. [math]\mathcal{P}:=\forall P(x,y):\left|PF\right|=d(P,d)[/math]. Ellips Given the focusses [math]F_1\left(c,0\right)[/math] and [math]F_2\left(-c,0\right)[/math] of an ellips [math]\mathcal{E}[/math] with main axis [math]2a[/math]. [math]\mathcal{E}:=\forall P(x,y):\left|PF_1\right|+\left|PF_2\right|=2a[/math] Hyperbola …

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    • 2 replies
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  15. Hello, I was doing my math team practice packet, and in the writers choose section, I had three questions on the problems. Lets see, for the first question was this: How many integers (10<x<100) are increased by nine when their digits are reversed. So my answer was eight numbers; the numbers 12, 23, 34, 45, 56, 67, 78, and 89, and I know that is right. I had to do it all out by hand, until I noticed a pattern which was you take the last digit of the number, make that the first digit of the next number, and have the number in the tens place be one less than the one in the ones. It took me about five minutes to reach that conclusion. Now my question would…

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  16. Started by Function,

    Hello everyone Pretty stupid: I was wondering how you can write "the derivative of a function f(x) in a" (to use in proofs), using [math]\frac{d}{dx}[/math], not just [math]f'(a)[/math]: [math]\frac{df}{dx}_{x=a}[/math]? [math]\frac{d}{dx}f(a)[/math]? [math]\frac{df}{dx}(a)[/math]? [math]\frac{df}{dx}_a[/math]? Something else? Can someone help me on this one? Thanks. Function.

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  17. Does (a+b)1/2 equal a1/2 + b1/2 - (2ab)1/2? If you have ( (a+b)2)1/2, then because of the binomial theorem, then (a+b)2=a2+b2+2ab. Inserting this into the equation, then you get (a2+b2+2ab)1/2, which gives you a+b, since a2+b2+2ab=(a+b)2. If you set x=a2 and y=b2, then you have (x+y+2x1/2y1/2)1/2, which gives you x1/2+y1/2. This is also equal to x1/2 + y1/2 + (2x1/2y1/2)1/2 - (2x1/2y1/2)1/2, since (2x1/2y1/2)1/2 and -(2x1/2y1/2)1/2 cancel out. What if you removed 2x1/2y1/2 from the square root? Then, would you get x1/2 + y1/2 - (2x1/2y1/2)1/2?

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  18. Started by jetje,

    I have worked on a number system, that works, in order to label points of a perimeter and be connected to produce vertical symmetry, mostly. I find more relevance in using an odd number of points, dispersed evenly around a geometric perimeter. I gravitate to the results in triangle perimeters, since it is applicable to create other shapes with its multiplication. i.e. Four triangles equals a square, five a pentagon, and six triangles making up a hexagon, and so fourth. In compounding triangles into grids that use the symmetric numbering system, there is formation of wave patterns and very interesting results. I am not, but an enthusiast for math. I have no crident…

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    • 0 replies
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  19. I did a google search of this, and didn't get far... How would you find the sine of, say pi/2 radians.(Of course, this is 1, just wanted to keep things simple). I'm sure that some caculators have an algorithm to find the sine of a number, and how did people find it out back when they didn't have caculators. Just curious... And I am just talking about finding the sine, and the others with just one number, the number you are finding the ratio with. Say I wouldn't give you any other information, no other angles or lengths. Thank's for your time

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    • 6 replies
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  20. Started by Didymus,

    I want to know why people have such a hard time dividing by 0. Basic concept: in A/B=C, when B gets larger, C gets smaller. When B gets smaller, C gets larger. So A/0.1=10A and A/0.0001=10000A.... Obviously when B becomes infinitely small (0), C is an infinite multiple of A. Logical proof: if I want to save $100 and I save $0/month, how long until I reach my goal? 100/0=inf, therefore an infinite amount of time will pass and I will never reach my goal. Objection A: But, if A is negative, you'll net "negative infinity". Answer: yea. What's wrong with that? -A/.0001=(-10000A). Still works. objection B: if a/0=inf and b/0=inf but a and b are different…

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    • 38 replies
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  21. Started by faizan2722,

    I shall be grateful if someone can recommend me some book(s) that gives comprehensive knowledge on Mathematical Modeling of Mechanical Systems. Mostly books on Mathematical Modeling give the knowledge with respect to Controls. In other words, they only discuss differential equations; however, differential equations might not be the only branch of mathematics that is used to define any mechanical system.

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    • 7 replies
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  22. Started by Endercreeper01,

    If you theoretically had negative lengths, what are some ways they would differ from positive lengths?

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  23. Would the arctangent of y/x give you the angle in radians?

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  24. Started by bstoev,

    The problem states that: [math]y_0 \neq 0[/math] [math]|y - y_0| < \frac{\epsilon|y_0|^2}{2}[/math] And I must use those to prove that: [math]y \neq 0[/math] [math]|\frac{1}{y} - \frac{1}{y_0}| < \epsilon[/math] My professor told me to utilize the inverse triangle inequality: [math]|a| - |b| \leq |a - b|[/math] Solving the first part was easy - I changed one of the expressions and used the triangle inequality: I change [math]|y - y_0|[/math] to [math]|y_0 - y|[/math] Then I use the inequality: [math]|y_0 - y| \geq |y_0| - |y| < \frac{|y_0|}{2} => -|y| < \frac{|y_0|}{2} - |y_0| => -|y| < -\frac{|y_0|}{2} => |y| > \frac{|y_0|}{2}[/math] So…

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    • 2 replies
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  25. Started by DevilSolution,

    I'm curious as to the nature of numbers and have come up with a little concept. I've recently found a new love for maths so ive been going over some geometry, trig, algebra, calc etc and have a few basic questions. What dimension are numbers? Based on the fact logic works in binary i concluded they are 2D but have no idea. The euclidean geometry is 2D? can all shapes be expressed in these terms? i know there is 3D geometry but it too is express in mathematical terms which seems to impose its only a 2D manifistation of 3D reality by the use of logic. In my mind right now i see numbers as 2D, shapes as 3D and reality as 4D. Each heirarchy can be expresse…

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    • 27 replies
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