Intoscience

Point noted. Apologies, I didn't realise it was confusing or an issue.

Yeah, I can only think of a cyclic universe, but these tend to assume a pre-existence with no beginning or end. Where it expands then shrinks then expands continuously for all time. Was it Sir Roger Penrose who suggests an "aeon" where the universe expands beyond any measurable size, thus by which size becomes moot and therefore the cycle starts over? I don't know the exact details. I only read popular physics books, so only have a layman's understanding of cosmology.

It is true that humans have a common ancestor to all other living things. But the tree of evolution has many branches that spawn a vast variety of fruit. Humans like other species, are just one distinct variety that has a traceable lineage distinct from other species until it converges to its most recent common ancestor which is in the "ape" variety. Yes there are missing links along the route but most evolutionists agree that humans descended from the apes.

My answers in bold, others may correct or elaborate on them.

It appears so, I'm trying to understand why torture would always be off the table regardless. This seems to me a failure to expend every possible action in an attempt to preserve the most precious of all things. Obviously my assumption is that torture might have even the slightest of chances of success. I cannot confirm this, but since this tactic is still used in modern times in some form or another, suggests that it has the possibility to work. Simplified, if all attempts that might work (even if the chance of success is almost negligible) are exhausted, then I believe (along with many others) the "right" thing has been done. It would be a tough call to make and I wouldn't like to be the person making the decisions. However, I would like to believe that I would make all attempts to save lives, and face the consequences of doing so after the event. Dammed if you do, dammed if you don't. Which one could you live with?

I don't think you are wrong, planning and having protocols in place makes perfect sense and I think we can all agree they should be followed. However, I'm not so sure that torture should never be planned in as a final attempt to save lives. It's a bit like having a self-destruct button, where no one (sane persons)ever want to use it but it's there as a very last resort. I just think, in answering the OP's question "is it ever right", we should consider all possible scenarios regardless of how unlikely, not focus on specifics. If someone can convince me, or better prove to me, that torture would fail 100% of the time in 100% of scenarios then I would happily change my answer to no. I would hope that if torture had to be employed that the torturer would be careful not to go so far as it to be fatal, though the risk is there. There will be time for a "fair" trial after the people are saved or not, when time is of the essence then on the spot judgement has to be made. Since in some scenarios the full facts may not be available, granted. However, time could be wasted trying to gain them, maybe the right thing to do is act based on the best knowledge available. Lets face it, we all often do this, though mostly with less severe consequences, noted.

I'm guessing by the nature of the question and the reply by the OP that by intrinsic they mean fundamental? To answer this I'm not sure there is, and how there could be unless it was assigned, which implies a higher or conscious power that governs all life on Earth ( and possibly the universe should there be any). If you are religious you may argue that God assigns value and we humans (at least in some cultures) sit at the top of the pecking order. You may argue that the universe assigns value by producing rare and complex structures, by which the more complex and the rarer the complexity the higher the value. This doesn't mean that protection or survival of such is priority, we are examples of how this fails regularly - wars, environmental abuse, pointless destruction/killing, etc... So other than assignment by personal value, I don't see how one could encompass all into a fundamental set that was consistent across all life. As Zaptos has stated a few times, values are dynamic and personal.

I would argue that this is the main crux of the matter and I doubt if any sane person/s was/were in such an extreme situation they wouldn't be worrying about morality.

If only life was that so simple...:)

Could be either or both, a choice or a duty.

The suffering/punishment of the accuser.

A sacrifice that may be required to achieve the greater good. Which is what?

I agree, and this is why it's better (probably) to try and simplify, rather than complicate it any further than needs to be. I tried myself not to dwell on the philosophy of right and wrong, the if's and but's etc... on consideration for the answer to the OP. We all know that every situation that may arise will be unique to some degree and thus require different considerations. But the question wasn't centred around any specific scenario, those were introduced as examples by other posters. The question was - is it ever right? The premise being, could it possibly be the "right" (best course of action / lesser of the 2 evils) thing to do in a certain situation. "Right" meaning do something (attempt) rather than do nothing. I think that there could be a plausible situation where it could be the "right" thing to do, so therefore for that reason alone answered yes

Depends on your point of view.

I'm sure some would. Bottom line is, is it generally accepted that killing/torturing 1 to save many a more desirable outcome than killing many to save the life or suffering of 1? In other words, is the lesser of the 2 evils the right choice to make?

It's a bit of a moot question unless we assign a value ourselves. As Zaptos stated, in the animal kingdom where survival depends on devouring another life form then each life has a differing value to the next and is dependent on the value' r. So if I've interpreted you correctly, then no I don't think there is an intrinsic value to any life, unless one is put on it by another. Even the universe doesn't care.

Because you are arguing with me over the difference between killing or torturing someone (which there are plenty). However, I used the examples to show that though differing, killing and torturing are both terrible tactics that might be employed to achieve a similar outcome (save innocent lives), so for that act, share the same moral standing. They both, dependent on the situation, could be the "lesser" of the 2 evils and therefore the "right" thing to do.

(My reply's in bold) I'm not saying your points are not valid in certain situations, I'm just stating that they are irrelevant to the OP. If a scenario is possible, even if unlikely probable, then it counts towards the answer for the OP. We can argue over the if's, but's and maybe's all day long, keep going back and forth... it doesn't change anything.

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Attraction can soon wear off if it turns out the visually attractive person has an ugly personality, similarly the opposite can happen where an ugly person has an attractive personality.

I don't understand what you mean by this? Can you elaborate please? Thanks

I believe some, maybe all, insurance companies use set a standard monetary rate for lives, certainly during a tragedy like a plane crash etc.. I've heard them state a value, something around $5m seems to be what I recall. Then there is things like pet insurance etc... But as iNow states, depends in what context and what you mean by value. There are cases where animals have sacrificed (or at least been prepared to) themselves to save others. You do hear, on occasion, where a dog has stayed by the side of their owner, even if this means starving and/or risking their own death.

Fixed that for you

Yes, in the context of the situation. I think one of the issues of this discussion is how people have/are interpreting the term "right". You either mis-interpret my intentions, or this is a cheap shot of your own? I will assume misinterpretation, In the context of this thread and based on what we are discussing then there are many similarities as Beecee has already pointed out. For example, lets say the bomber has his finger on the detonator all attempts to negotiate with him have failed, is it the "right" thing to do to shoot him dead? i.e Is the choice to shoot him dead an option that should be considered once there are no other options left? - Is the choice to torture him in hope of retrieving information that may lead to preventing the bomb from detonating an option that should be considered when there are no other options left? We can argue the statistics all day long, unless either options are doomed to 100% failure every time in all scenarios then are they not valid options to consider? And would they not be the "right" (the lesser of the 2 evils) thing to do at that defining moment when all else as failed? probably 99% of the time - no, but for 1% of the time it might just work in which case the answer would be - yes. So in answer to the OP based on the original premise of "is it ever right" then in this context and with this reasoning I believe the answer is yes. My point is that, in extreme circumstances, moral judgment and values are called into question and one has to consider the merits of the "lesser evil act".

All "ifs" and "buts", all irrelevant when time is ticking and all else has failed. The question is, is it ever right to employ torture. We all agree that torture is wrong barbaric and most likely unsuccessful (although unless anyone here is an experienced expert in this then we really don't know). +1 You are quite correct and all excellent points. But the question isn't about efficiency, experimental evidence... The question is, is it ever right to torture someone? We could easily change the argument to - is it ever right to kill someone? The moral implications and justifications are the same. I answered yes, not because I condone torture, but because in extreme circumstances when all else has failed, when there is no hope left and you are faced with imminent failure, then any chance even the slightest of chances it may work then I believe its worth a shot. We can go back and forth and argue the moral aspects, the efficiencies and the science behind using such a barbaric and immoral tactic... But when all said and done, the only time I would answer no to the question is if I knew with 100% certainty that torture would not work. "If", (and I hate using that word but hey oh) torture was proven by science & data to have a 99.9% failure rate, even then is it not worth a shot when there is nothing left to do or lose? I believe, if faced with the choice, anyone who is about to lose a loved one and is desperate would not mull over the moral, or efficiency implications.

+1 But you are focussing on all the maybe's if's and but's, many of which there are. There are and will be many unkowns in all situations. No one is saying torture is ok, we all agree that torture in any form is wrong and dehumanising and immoral... The question is, is it ever right to employ torture? I say yes, in extreme circumstances when all else has failed and there is nothing left to lose and you have one last ditch attempt to save lives. Regardless whether its statistically unlikely to be successful, at the very last moments when you are left with only one choice that will either work or it won't. If it works great, you save one or countless lives at the cost of a few who suffer (maybe for life). If it fails, well, at least All known available options were exhausted. There are 2 kinds of regret, either one you have to live with - the doing or the not doing. Which one would you live with?