Sensei

I am referring to any list of physical properties. The way that I understand it, the vectors that you mention are without any inherent magnitude, ie, they are not scalars.

Vector (Euclidean at least) that has not been normalized has magnitude.

Length of vector =sqrt(x^2+y^2) for 2D, =sqrt(x^2+y^2+z^2) for 3D, and so on with more dimensions.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_(mathematics)

Go to Vector section.

Normalized vector has length=magnitude=1.

These are simply observations, not speculation.

Which physical experiment is presenting your observations.. ?

If there is no experiment, then it's speculation, I think.

"Medicine Hat becomes the first city in Canada to eliminate homelessness"

http://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-thursday-edition-1.3074402/medicine-hat-becomes-the-first-city-in-canada-to-eliminate-homelessness-1.3074742

http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/05/14/medicine-hat-homelessness-end-2015_n_7280232.html

They did exactly what I said numerous times f.e. here:

http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/87282-how-to-reduce-wealth-inequality/?p=846769

"And now f.e. half of Detroit is dead city without population, with quarters of houses owned by banks, ruined, and waiting to be demolished.

They could/should be resident by all these NY homeless people.."

ps. The number huffingtonpost wrote was astonishing: 1.5% (1 per 69) of population of city were homeless?!

Here, 1 person per 1200 is homeless (0.084%).

If I understood question correctly,

you have table (how many rows?):

so made up couple [latex] \theta_{i}[/latex] (in the right range),

and calculate what will be [latex]\theta_{r}[/latex] corresponding to it,

and fill table with couple such pairs.

The first occurrence of "quantisation" is in your post. The OP specifically mentions "quantification" more than once.

 

I agree, the answer appears to be vectors. Direction is a fundamental aspect of movement, force and many other vector properties.

"which can be understood as simultaneous finite rotations which commute in much the same manner as infinitesimal rotations commute in conventional plane geometry."

"This differs (mathematically and conceptually) from the usual (two dimensional) discrete finite rotations or infinitesimal rotations which are used to manipulate objects in Euclidean three space."

If object can rotate only in discrete finite amounts, not absolutely smoothly, it's example of quantization.

Vectors?

 

Velocity vs Speed?

He asked about quantization (rather than quantification) of velocity (space and time), and quantization of energy..

Quantization of space and time can be smaller than Planck length and Planck time.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_length

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_time

The physical property of direction does not appear on any list of physical properties.

 

The reason for it not appearing on such lists seems to be unknown at this time, or least no accepted scientific source provides this reason.

Planck length and Planck time are so ultimately small ("The Planck length is about 10⁻²⁰ times the diameter of a proton.") that nobody reached this level of precision of measurement.

how..can you send me the project..??

I cannot support cheaters.

I can send you screen-shot of working app.

You have to use PDFRenderer,

http://developer.android.com/reference/android/graphics/pdf/PdfRenderer.html

and draw specified page to Bitmap.

http://developer.android.com/reference/android/graphics/Bitmap.html

Bitmap copy to ImageView.

http://developer.android.com/reference/android/widget/ImageView.html

I managed to make basic PDF viewer, with PDFRenderer class.

But it requires Android v5.0 (SDK API 21).

Also to make it the real tool, there would be needed complete directory listing/searching.

Making PDF with what fiveworlds showed, require Android v4.4 (SDK API 19) KitKat.

ajb, how did you make these images?

You wrote some code to generate them?

In which language?

ps. Maybe make contest "who will make nicer fractal".. ?

One general C/C++ project with code generating black image.

And then everybody download it, and replace internal function, responsible for setting pixel at x,y with color RGB.

Objects that are hot are emitting photons,

Photon has energy

[math]E=h*f[/math]

h - Planck constant = 6.62607004*10^-34 J*s

f - frequency in Hz=1/s

[math]f=\frac{c}{\lambda}[/math]

so

[math]E=\frac{h*c}{\lambda}[/math]

The hotter object (the larger temperature), the more energetic photons are emitted by object.

The more energy they have, the larger frequency f, and shorter wavelength.

Black body radiation is summing the all photons energies emitted per second together (Joules/second=Watt), and assigns to it appropriate temperature in Kelvins.

Ultraviolet photons (the one with wavelength smaller than 400 nm) have enough energy to ionize matter, and make plasma.

Therefore they are rarely encountered by now, otherwise everything would be in plasma state (like in star).

What is the solution?

While calculations of relativistic collisions there is often used center-of-mass/energy. Instead of lab frame.

Like they did it for example here:

http://galileo.phys.virginia.edu/classes/252/particle_creation.html

Try it whether it helps to solve your case.

Where would I start to work out a dipole moment?

Experimental?

Water stream/waterfall close to static electric charged object.

Water bends its path, because Oxygen has -2e charge, while Hydrogen has +1e charge. They're not uniformly distributed on molecule to cancel each other influence.

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/diph2o.html

 

Android documentation on pdf is available on android's site http://developer.android.com/reference/android/graphics/pdf/PdfDocument.html

I tried it in fresh new project, and what you linked here, is for generating PDF document by drawing new graphics to it, then it's written to file.

How real is this "real value", could your calculation be the real value, or maybe even my 930.64 mev be the "real value"?

I guess the "real value" is the excepted value, I still do not completely understand the first part of your process, and how accurate this part is, and this first part is the foundation of your calculation.

Do you know a bit of chemistry?

You measure mass of one substance, measure mass of other substance (reactant),

mix them together,

and getting some final product, or couple products (and then have to separate them by f.e. distillation), and also measure their masses.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_%28chemistry%29

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reagent

Say you have compound which is releasing Hydrogen gas.

You will see decrease of mass by some amount between reactant(s), and product.

And it's 1.008 g/mol for every Hydrogen atom. Or 2.016 g/mol for H₂.

Not without a reason H₂O has molar mass 18.016 g/mol. It's 1.008 + 1.008 + 16 = 18.016.

If Hydrogen would be 0.82% more massive, it would be 1.01627 g/mol instead of 1.008 g/mol.

If Hydrogen would be 0.82% less massive, it would be 0.9998 g/mol.

Read also about Avogadro constant.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avogadro_constant

Science seems so stuck, it's actually hard to believe scientists have anything to do.

People are so busy tearing apart atoms to quarks, they won't notice what you want to say..

Eldad Eshel, try taking multimeter, turn the lowest voltage available on it, like mV,

then touch left hand one electrode,

touch right hand second electrode,

and start thinking about value a bit higher than you see on screen of multi-meter..

If you see 19 mV think about 20 mV, if you see 33 mV think about 34 mV.. etc.

What is start value? To what voltage you can get it in say a hour.. ?

A couple of questions on the Proton,

 

First I wonder if anyone can explain "simply" how we get the mass 938.272mev?

Mass of 1 mole of Hydrogen H₂ gas is ~2.016 g/mol. (this is averaged Hydrogen and Deuterium)

(you can get to this value using f.e. electrolysis of water)

1 mole is 6.022141*10^23 molecules.

~2.016 g = ~0.002016 kg

0.002016 kg / 6.022141*10^23 = 3.34764662600892E-027 kg

Now convert kg to Joules:

3.34764662600892E-027 kg * 299792458^2 = 3.00871474170635E-010 J

Now convert Joules to electron Volts:

3.00871474170635E-010 J / 1.602176565*10^-19 = 1877892117.15648 eV

But H₂ has two protons (and two electrons), so divide by 2:

1877892117.15648 eV / 2 = 938946058 eV

And subtract mass-energy of electron:

938946058 eV - 510999 eV = 938435059 eV

Nearly, nearly (1.7/10000 missed) our 938272046 eV mass-energy of proton.

Without even touching mass spectrometry..

I have noticed their are different measurements for the proton using electrons or muons which give a different measurement of proton.

I ask this because I have got a measurement of 930.64mev, within my pet model, which is 0.82% different.

My calculation is 1.7 / 10,000 different from the real value...

Looking at ingredients, I would try checking:

- Sodium Nitrate, Rubidium Nitrate, Cesium Nitrate (instead of Potassium Nitrate).

- Ammonium Fluoride, Ammonium Bromide, Ammonium Iodide (instead of Ammonium Chloride).

- Methanol, Butanol, Propanol (there is few isomers, Isopropanol can be bought in electronic shop), instead of Ethanol.

Eventually mix them together with various percentages, to see what happens.

Checking the all combinations would take weeks or months..

There is such experiment: scientists dropped one by one objects (or shoot and measured velocity of bullet with hi-speed camera) with mass m, to water below it, h distance, and measured increase of temperature of water (including normal decline of temperature).

If you drop something from height h, potential energy is:

E=m*g*h

And water has specific heat ~4.1855 J/K*g (old definition of calorie).

It means if you add 4.1855 Joule of energy, one gram of water will have temperature increased by 1 K (1 C).

When there is no lost of energy by water:

[math]dT=\frac{m_{object}*g*h}{4.1855*m_{water}}[/math]

is increase of temperature of water.

You cannot do this calculation with ordinary momentum of object p=mv, as target is not solid, but liquid, that gets splashed after hitting. It's "impossible" to read the all water drops momentum.

Thermometer is appropriate tool for measuring change in substance.

Similarly, definition of watt and energy has been done in electricity:

P=I*U (power in Watts=J/s)

but

I*t=Q (charge in Coulombs)

so

P*t=I*t*U

so

E=Q*U

Q is quantized every e=1.602176565*10^-19 C

Q/e is quantity of electrons.

If you put resistor with resistance R to water (which is typically called "heating element"),

and there will be flowing through it current I, I=U/R, P=U^2/R=I^2*R,

so there will be Q=I*1s charges per second.

You will increase temperature of water, to some higher temperature.

Pass current (read on ammeter), with voltage U (read on voltmeter), for time t (stopwatch), read temperature of water prior experiment and after experiment (thermometer).

The higher voltage, the higher current, the more energy released by resistor, and the higher temperature increase.

Above equations are just result of experiments.

Experiments were earlier, equations further, to describe experiments.

And being able to predict outcome the next time.

If you know how much energy is flowing through heating element,

you can predict time in which water will have right temperature, even without thermometer.

The cause for that,

is calculus

is only an approximation tool.

Calculus produces

very different answers

& has been proven to been unreliable

because of that.

Calculus is used all the time while calculating area and volume..

Work=m*h/t, m=mass, h=height, t=time (That is very fundamental! The most important thing. Most logical=obvious.)

kilograms * meters / second

is unit of momentum..

Velocity is change of position of object, divided by time needed to do so:

[math]v=\frac{x1-x0}{t1-t0}[/math]

with units

[math]\frac{m}{s}[/math]

Momentum is velocity multiplied by mass of object.

[math]p=m*v[/math]

You can substitute and receive:

[math]p=m*\frac{x1-x0}{t1-t0}[/math]

[math]p=\frac{m*x1-m*x0}{t1-t0}[/math]

with units

[math]kg\frac{m}{s}[/math]

A good punter can help the defense by kicking the ball as close to the goal line as possible,

In the real football,

goalkeeper of opposite team can have goal..

If I would be team coach, this would the most trained action by goalkeepers..

I had to Google what Instagram was.

I had to Yahoo what is Google

(in the past)

... and, perhaps, look at those videos and tell us your opinion about their validity?

Watched the whole 1st video 37min now.

Hilarious end. Everybody WATCH THIS:

https://youtu.be/3wENFciq1-Q?t=34m30s

They should not even start experiment without making sure that their devices are working correctly.

They used Tungsten as electrode.

But Tungsten has plentiful of oxides, and even can form compounds with sodium (they used Sodium Hydroxide >10% by mass).

See the list:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_tungsten_bronze

NaxWO3

Quote "Wöhler's 1823 synthesis involved reducing sodium tungstate and tungsten trioxide with hydrogen gas at red heat. "

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_tungstate

Na2WO4

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten_oxide

Are they blind to see this yellow color in water and floating contamination at the bottom flask after 30 minutes of experiment.. ?

(also maybe reaction with Iron from container?)

Also instead of averaging amperage (it's fluctuating! in the whole 30 mins experiment), they should plug cables from transformer to normal watt meter. Like this one.

Can we feel gravity?

I doubt it!

Hold in hand the same (with the same mass) dumbbell on Earth, then on the Moon, or Mars.

I do not know any place

(in the universe)

where Newton's laws

do NOT hold.

They don't hold at relativistic velocities, and photons.

f.e. in Newton's physics kinetic energy is:

[math]E.K.=\frac{1}{2}mv^2[/math]

but in Special Relativity:

[math]E.K.=m_0c^2\gamma-m_0c^2[/math]

Classic physics momentum:

[math]p=m_0v[/math]

Special Relativistic momentum:

[math]p=m_0v\gamma[/math]

etc.

Somebody revealing everything on YouTube video with details, should not be afraid of quantum physicians come to his place and check everything..

All these guys should get mass spectrometers, used one are on eBay, and check material prior running device, and after running device, to see whether there are differences in element/isotope composition.

ps. Actually I showed these calcs in OpenOffice in post #24 http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/83658-low-energy-nuclear-reactions-cold-fusion-thread-split/?p=810423