The most basic equation of gravity does not require any significant knowledge, except the ability to think, measure and calculate. i.e., drop an object from a height d and measure the time it spent flying toward the ground. You get a few samples and derive the equation d=1/2 a t^2.
The problem with people is that 1) there was no free public education for all people until the end of the 19th century 2) only a fraction of rich aristocrats (later also rich townsfolks) (a few who could read, write and count) were interested in science. Because of this, for centuries and millennia, there was slow development because they were more interested in their daily lives, and increase of their personal assets, not in the development of science.
Nowadays, too, only a small fraction of the population is engaged in science. But because the population is huge, there is the largest absolute number of scientists in the world.