Biology

As title suggests. Thanks

Do animals with longer life spans actually age more slowly at the genetic or cellular level, or do they have some kind of mechanism for compensating for aging that is better than that of other animals? My hunch is the former, but I really don't know. I was brushing my dog, and thinking about his grey hairs at the age of 13, and one thought led to another, and here I am at science forums with my first post. Thanks in advance! Ian

Hello everyone, Can neocortex initiate emotional behaviour. Since it is outside limbic system, is it not considered part of limbic system. What exactly is this structure? Why only humans have this. Does this give us moral values. Thanks

hello,this is my first post here. i have been trying to figure out what kind of mushrooms these are. there was one of them in the backyard. the single white one. the other is an amanita i think. it was out in the woods.thank you. these were found in western massachusetts.

Just a thought i just had, But could we coax possibly synthesized microorganisms, such as bacteria, to grow literally slabs of wood? instead of trees being the main source for wood, we could grow it, pre-shaped, in vats. so the above question begs another question, what is wood chemically?

I often wonder this question, because I am starting to find organisms that I think should be model organisms. I'm not going into detail, as I might actually use such an organism to do a graduate thesis, but still... I'm surprised that for some species when they have such fascinating phenotypic aspects, they are not used for scientific research. For instance, why zebrafish? Why not some other kind of fish that might have outstanding phenotypic charactistics that make it a prime topic for study? Why have people compiled so much literature on just zebrafish? So what really defines something as a model organism?

What is the place from where the leaf comes out of stem called? Is it the node? Also the roots which absorb water & minerals from the host plant are called what? Thanks, Ron

Hello everyone, I work as a demonstrator for labs as part of my Graduate studies. I was wondering if anyone knows if the root cap/growing tip of roots can vary in size/position for the same species. I am asking this because there does seem to be some variation in the data the students get, I was looking at various samples myself and it appears that the root tip can vary in size to some extent. It also appears that the growth zone can vary as well. I was thinking that it might depend on the density of soil, the growth rate required or maybe the overall health/condition of the plant. I looked around a bit online but really couldn't find anything definitive. So does anyo…

Today I thought I'd make some green tea. I had some Pi Lo Chun green tea that had been sitting in a container in the pantry for about a year that I needed to finish, so I brewed some. While the leaves floated around in the hot water, I noticed some little white "hairs" on a few of them, which I had never noticed before. I thought at first that they were tiny bubbles, but the dry leaves had the hairs, too. So I thought they might have always been there, just part of the plant, but then it struck me that they might be a fungus, since the tea had been in the pantry for so long. I tried Googling "fungus growing on tea leaves" and found an article that talked about the con…

Hello everyone, Ok I read the definitions. I think it is how the brain learns from mistakes, and remembers stuff and rewires itself. But I would still like to get someone's else's opinion on this. Thanks

It is necessary to decifer the genetic program of the multicellular organism's forming. For the beginning on the example of the simple organism as some worm. It will open the outlook for growing the new organs in the human body. I think these researches must be financed better.

In blood clotting disorders, clotting time is increased, but when there is plalete disorder clotting time is not affected. What is the reason for that. Aren't platelets required for blood clotting. Also when a fibrous mesh is formed, do red blood cells and platelets get stuck in it. Is it why blood clots. Thanks

Hello everyone, The book says invivo extrinsic pathway is the one that gets activated, but intrinsic pathway is activated by surface collagen, so it must be activated as well. Both must be activated right, also if a person is deficient of intrinsic pathway clotting factors, would they have no problems with clotting because extrinsic pathway is the major one involved. Thanks

Hello everyone, Ok so red blood cells break and release haemoglobin. Now I checked a book and it all it showed is that this haemoglobin binds to haptoglobin and goes to liver. Now billirubin is made by reticulocytes in spleen using haem. So does liver break this haemoglobin haptoglobin complex, and release haem into the circulation, so reticulocytes in spleen can act on it or does this haemoglobin travel to spleen? Thanks

I read somewhere that the way most of us think of eye sight is wrong. For example, we may see a Facebook image and we believe that an image is made up of a 2d dimensional width by height image. And maybe our eye sight is constructed of moving 2d images. Is there a better way to describe how eye sight really works and how we may perceive light? The eyes are always moving and I guess sending certain signals to the brain with a feedback response to move based on what the eyes sees.

Hello everyone, So in renin angiotensin system, the NaCl concentration reaching the macula densa is monitored. Now my question if if there is loss of fluid from the body and both NaCl and water is lost from the body,plasma NaCl would be normal, now how would this affect macula densa. Okay so GFR decreases, but both NaCl and water filtration is decreased, so nacl reaching macula densa would be normal. I know I have really confused myself and I nedd some help. Thanks

Hello everyone, Ok there are less nephrons, and they get more GFR. So the answer says more osmotically active particles are filtered leading to polyurea. My question is how can this happen, if there is more GFR shouldn't more water also be filtered with high amount of osmotically active particles, so as long as water is present it should reduce the effect of these substances. Thanks

I'm interested in determining VO2 non-invasively. I came across this procedure. Will it work? Do you notice any flaws in the logic? : From: BlueIcarus http://forums.deeperblue.com/freediv...e-vo2-max.html Yeah I know this is aproximate, but knowing how many watts you put out, and knowing that biking effciency is around 0.25, you can put your whole energy production at kcals/min, and knowing that 5 kcal = 1 liter of oxygen you can go from watts to ml/min/kg of O2. So, you do a Conconi or incremental power test, see the Power in Watts when you drop out and then go from your Max Aerobic Power to VO2max. So... onto the numbers... I do a test starting at 100 Watt…

Hello everyone, MCV is packed cell volume divide by RBC count. Now I know reticulocytes increase in haemolytic anaemia. Why is that, is it to compensate for lost RBC? I want to know how this affects MCV. When you measure packed cell volume, do you measure the volume of blood occupied by RBC only or RBC+reticulocytes. Then when you measure RBC count do you count RBC only or RBC+reticulocytes. I just want to where the error occurs. Thanks

Hello everyone, Bicarbonate concentration reduces in acidosis. My question is where actually does this buffering take place and why it reduces?Do Hydrogen ions move into cells (like red blood cells), where they are buffered by bicarbonate. I'm talking about this reaction that occurs inside cells CO2 + H20 <-> H2CO3<-> H+ + HCO3- If this is the case why does bicarbonate in extracellular fluid decrease. Is it because the reaction I mentioned above occurs, in reverse direction and there is less efflux of bicarbonate from cells. Also does bicarbonate from extracellular fluid move into cells, to carry out this reaction. or Are hydrogen ions buff…

First things first. This well be my first microscope, actually the first time I will ever look through a microscope, but I know I want to observe and identify pond life. A good trinocular head is essential to me since I want to hook the microscope up to my 1080p TV. I have been very impressed by the quality of video and microscope that this individual is using and would like similar results. His setup is as follows Microscope: Nikon Fluophot Flourescence Research Microscope Camera: Canon T1i w/ EOS Extension Tube adaptor w/Nikon 2.5X Projector lens Scope Settings: 15.1 MP Canon 1.6x Camera over 10x or 40x Objective Which he shows and outlines here: h…

How is the trend and developments Genetically Modified Foods industry?

Hello everyone, What is dark adaptation of light? Is it the adaptation of rods and cones, when you are exposed to bright light for some time, and then move to a dark area. I know some chanes that occur. 1.the retinal and opsins in the rods and cones are converted back into the light-sensitive pigments 2. Pupils dilate- Why is that? I know light of more intensity enters, but if light sensitive pigments are not generated, how could this be beneficial. 3. The other mechanism is neural adaptation, involving the neurons in the successive stages of the visual chain in the retina itself and in the brain. What exactly is this neural adaptation. Also what is the text…

Hello everyone, A 20 year old insulin dependent diabetic female was admitted to casuality in a semiconscious state. Her plasma values are as follows. a) on admission, b)eight hour after therapy with insulin,saline etc. Na+ a) 127, b)134, normal- 132-144 mmol/l K+ a) 7.0, b)3.1, normal- 3.2-4.8 mmol/l Urea a) 10.1, b)6.0, normal- 3.0-8.0 mmol/l Creatinine a) 0.18, b)0.07, normal- 0.06-0.12 mmol/l Phosphate a) 1.85, b)0.30, normal- 0.6-1.3 mmol/l This is what I think why these values have changed. Please add and correct me if I'm wrong. Na+ = Sodium has decreased initially. Due to osmotic diuresis. Large amount of sodium is lost in urine. I'm also think…

A project I'm working on required the maintenance of dry bones over a long period of times (actually as long as possible). But one of the problem that came up was after a few days, the bones started to smell. Is there anyways I can prevent or stop the smell? Also will molds grew on the dry bones?