Michealson  - Morley experiment revisited

Visible light is electromagnetic wave.

Light traveling from air than through the glass and back in to the air gets refracted .

Light refraction, the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another, is explained by the interaction between photons and electrons in the material. Photons, the particles of light, are absorbed by electrons in the material, which then emit new photons, effectively delaying the passage of the light. This process contributes to the change in light speed and direction observed during refraction.

The mirror is usually made of glass with thin layer of aluminum applied to surface of the glass.

This happens because the frequency of the light waves does not match the natural vibration frequencies of the object's electrons, causing them to vibrate and re-emit the energy as reflected light.

In both cases light(electromagnetic wave ) interact with the electrons.

The baryonic components of glass (protons and neutrons  including quarks ) are not interacting with light .

The Michelson-Morley experiment aimed to detect the hypothetical "luminiferous aether," a medium thought to carry light waves. The experiment compared the speed of light in different directions, expecting it to vary due to the Earth's movement through the aether. However, the results were null, meaning no such aether drift was detected, leading to significant implications for understanding light and space. 

In 1887 science did not know anything about quarks and gluons.

From above we can see that interaction between light(electromagnetic  waves ) and baryonic matter does not happen at all.

The direction of earth traveling through the “aether “ even if it existed will not affect the speed of light.

Conclusion :

This experiment sparked the creation of theory of relativity.

Today,144 years later ,thanks to the exploits of the theory of relativity  we can see that Michealson - Morley experiment had nothing to do with interaction between aether and baryonic matter.

Einstein's theory of relativity, both special and general, is heavily influenced by Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism. Special relativity, in particular, is built upon the idea that the speed of light is constant for all observers, a direct consequence of Maxwell's equations, and this led to the formulation of the Lorentz transformation. 

Maxwell's original equations are based on the idea that light travels through a sea of molecular vortices known as the "luminiferous aether", and that the speed of light has to be respective to the reference frame of this aether.

For speed of light ,If reference frame is aether ,it does not matter where observer ,or how many observers and their proton is in space - the speed of light will be constant .

2 hours ago, jv1 said:

The baryonic components of glass (protons and neutrons  including quarks ) are not interacting with light .

Why does this matter, even if it were accurate?

The issue is how fast we are moving through the aether (it had been previously determined that we are not at rest with respect to it) and any interaction with glass is not the issue. The aether was proposed as the medium through which light travels. We care about the composition and properties of the aether. Two rays of light traveling in opposite directions can’t be traveling at the same speed with respect to that medium.

Just now, jv1 said:

The experiment compared the speed of light in different directions, expecting it to vary due to the Earth's movement through the aether.

Not quite.

The comparison was the phase of the light (considered as a wave) between two light paths of different lengths.

Edit, Sorry I didn't put that very well.

They were expecting path length differences due to the Earth's movement, which would have shown up as phase (time) differences..

The expected phase (time) differences were not observed, despite repeating the experiment several times over a period of a year.

The fact that the paths went in different directions was coincidental was in order to generate the different path lengths.

Edited June 2Jun 2 by studiot

A mirror is essentially a plate of glass coated with a thin film of metal, such as silver. At the atomic scale, metals are a crystal network of atoms whose outermost electrons dissociate and wander with high mobility through the network. These mobile “conduction” electrons are the source of electrical conductivity in metals, and when light attempts to penetrate a metal, they “vibrate in such a way” that an opposing electrical field is created, canceling the electric field of light and prohibiting any of its colors from entering beyond a few atomic layers. When that occurs, the light has been effectively reflected from the surface of the metal."

This action of “mobile electrons “ in the mirrors would act like a spring absorbers .

One way the momentum transferred from light to “mobile electrons “ of one mirror would be bigger than on the other - but average momentum would be equal.

Any diference in speed Of two light beams moving inside the “aether “ would not be detected.

This fact , based on spoils of theory of relativity ,puts a shade of doubt that “aether “ does not exist.

2 hours ago, studiot said:

The fact that the paths went in different directions was coincidental was in order to generate the different path lengths.

A different path length was not required, since a difference in speed would generate a phase shift. In Michelson’s description, the path lengths are equal, and the different directions were critical.

https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Relative_Motion_of_the_Earth_and_the_Luminiferous_Ether

59 minutes ago, jv1 said:

A mirror is essentially a plate of glass coated with a thin film of metal, such as silver. At the atomic scale, metals are a crystal network of atoms whose outermost electrons dissociate and wander with high mobility through the network. These mobile “conduction” electrons are the source of electrical conductivity in metals, and when light attempts to penetrate a metal, they “vibrate in such a way” that an opposing electrical field is created, canceling the electric field of light and prohibiting any of its colors from entering beyond a few atomic layers. When that occurs, the light has been effectively reflected from the surface of the metal."

This action of “mobile electrons “ in the mirrors would act like a spring absorbers .

One way the momentum transferred from light to “mobile electrons “ of one mirror would be bigger than on the other - but average momentum would be equal.

Absolutely irrelevant

59 minutes ago, jv1 said:

Any diference in speed Of two light beams moving inside the “aether “ would not be detected.

See the derivation in the link I provided. It quite clearly shows how a speed difference leads to a travel time difference, and a different path length as measured by wavelengths of the light and thus a phase shift of the interference fringes

I would like to use different approach in this revisited experiment.

The pressure radiation force formula

F=2xIxA/C

I= intensity of electromagnetic radiation=1361W/m2

A =area of mirror =1me2

C= speed of light =299792458m/s

m=mass of earth =5.97x10e24kg

v= speed of earth = speed relative to aether =

29784m/s

F1=2xIxA/C+v=8x20e-8N

F2=2xIxA/C-v= 7x10e-8N

F=F2-F2=1x10e-8N

This is the force of aether resistance pushing against the earth .That is how much aether skews down the earth.

The earth

Ek= 1/2mxve2 For 1second

Ek= Fxs

Fearth =Ek/s= 2.6x10e33/3.9x10e4=0.8x10e29N

Friction coefficient of aether wind :

f=F/Fearth =1.25c10e-37

The age of universe is

4.3x10e17 sec

For us to notice effects of this friction it is going to take 10e20 more years .

One more thing

the force F is acting on a few atomic distances let’s say 5x1.5x10e-12 (for silver atom radius )

If formula

For merge is applied

E =F x s = 1x10e-8x 7.5x10e-12

E friction = 7.5 x10e-20

If we calculate coefficient of friction using energies

f= 7.5xe-20/2.6x10e33

f= 3x10e-55

That makes time for seen effects of “ather wind “ friction - bigger

radiation pressure force pushes the mirror by the interaction of photons and free electrons inside the silver layer of mirror.

The earth ionosphere has the very similar number of free electrons as does the silver atomic cage per one cube meter.

The earth can be seen as a big mirror.

To calculate total coefficient of friction using of earth traveling through the “aether” we divide

Values from above with 10e14

But

There is one more thing:

Gluon wraps around quark- and than electrons are wrapping around gluons. And than there is a layer of fee electrons .

Have you ever hear about super cavitation ?

1 hour ago, jv1 said:

I would like to use different approach in this revisited experiment.

The pressure radiation force formula

F=2xIxA/C

I= intensity of electromagnetic radiation=1361W/m2

A =area of mirror =1me2

Why does the area of a mirror matter for a calculation of an effect on the whole earth?

1 hour ago, jv1 said:

C= speed of light =299792458m/s

m=mass of earth =5.97x10e24kg

v= speed of earth = speed relative to aether =

29784m/s

F1=2xIxA/C+v=8x20e-8N

F2=2xIxA/C-v= 7x10e-8N

F=F2-F2=1x10e-8N

I don’t know where you’re getting these numbers. Your math is not at all clear, and you don’t need to put an “x” in an equation to denote multiplication.

I don’t know what 8x20e-8 is supposed to mean or where it comes from.

You use very odd notation. 1x10e-8 is either 1e-8 or 1 x 10^-8. You seem to be mashing these two notations together.

F2-F2 is identically zero, so that line has something wrong with it, too

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300000 km/s + 30 km/s = 300,030 km/s (the forum software seems to do this math automatically!)

That’s a variation by a part in 1e4

300000 km/s - 30 km/s = 299,970 km/s

I don’t see how these numbers enter into you calculation

How does your answer differ by less than a part in 10?

1 hour ago, jv1 said:

This is the force of aether resistance pushing against the earth .That is how much aether skews down the earth.

So what does solar radiation have to do with this? The solar radiation is perpendicular to the earth’s motion. It’s not in the direction of our motion, or opposite to that.

1 hour ago, jv1 said:

The earth

Ek= 1/2mxve2 For 1second

Ek= Fxs

More bollocks. Kinetic energy is kinetic energy. There’s no 1 second duration involved.

• P =W/t.

• W = F d. Assuming that the force and distance are in the same direction....

• P= F d / t. This equation can be simplified with the knowledge that the distance divided by the time is the velocity, assuming that the velocity is constant. ...

• P=Fv.

E=Pt

If time is one second ,P=W=E

I apologize F2=F2 is typo

20e8 is typo too

That is probably auto correct when I press enter.

In formula for radiation pressure force you can not use km/s with the rest of the formula !!!!!

Km/s is 10e3 m/s

I like to use x(for multiplying) and 10e(exponent) -8 - becouse spell correct makes even bigger mistakes ).

The radiation pressure of sun light per one square meter creates the force of 10e-8 N,

On the mirror.

The side of the earth exposed to sun inside ionosphere has extremely big amount of free electrons .

The number of free electrons inside the silver mirror and ionosphere,per square meter are 10e9 per square meter (very easy to check just search for number if free electrons in ionosphere / m3

And than try to see hiw many free electrons in 1me3 of silver).

Every time I try to upload the picture or text from internet - I get the sign that file is to big to download to thread .

The radiation pressure force on sunny side of earth is absorbed that reflected by ionosphere.

Because of the curvature of the earth the deflection angle of changes and the force acting on earth Changes from 0 to 10e-8N (for the square meter in the “middle “ of the earth

Aether wind from sun will be partially deflected but majority of the wind will travel through the earth - in between 10e50 atoms .

This wind will cause “ turbulent “ movement of aether around the earth .

Please do not forget that earth beside moving around the sun is rotating around it ‘s axes and travels at 340km/s through the space relative to cosmic radiation background.

Free electrons inside the mirror ( free electrons inside the ionosphere)will move about s= 10e-12m during deflection of light - and the force acting on them is maximum F=10e-8N

The energy per one sure meter absorbed by sunny side of earth will be

E=(Fxs)x A

A=area if earth

So maximum energy of aether wind acting on earth is

E =1x10e-8x 7.5x10e-12x 5x20e14=35x10e-6

The kinetic energy of earth (from above)

E earth=1x10e28

from

f=Eather /Ek

Maximum friction of aether is

f= 35x29e-6x 1x19e28=35x10e-35

As I mentioned the universe is 10e17 seconds old fir earth to slow down by the aether friction - to be noticeable would take very long time

12 hours ago, jv1 said:

Light refraction, the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another, is explained by the interaction between photons and electrons in the material. Photons, the particles of light, are absorbed by electrons in the material, which then emit new photons, effectively delaying the passage of the light. This process contributes to the change in light speed and direction observed during refraction.

This is a common misunderstanding of refraction. Refraction is easiest to understand in terms of classical electromagnetic waves. This can then be translated to the quantum picture provided the important aspects of the classical picture are maintained. When an electromagnetic wave passes through a medium, it exerts a force on the charges and charge dipoles of the medium. Depending on how easily the charges and charge dipoles of the medium can move in response to this force, the motion of the charges and charge dipoles of the medium creates an electromagnetic wave that combines with the original electromagnetic wave to produce a total electromagnetic wave that is delayed with respect to the original electromagnetic wave and therefore travels through the medium at a slower speed. Thus, the refractive index of the medium depends on how readily the charges and charge dipoles of the medium can respond to the passing electromagnetic wave. This depends on the frequency of the passing electromagnetic wave. Higher frequencies exert a greater force, but larger bulkier charges and charge dipoles respond more to lower frequencies. At visible frequencies, only electrons can significantly respond to the passing electromagnetic wave, and in this case, the refractive index depends on the polarisability of the occupied electron orbitals of the medium and increases with frequency due to the increasing energy of the photons.

Edited June 3Jun 3 by KJW

The sun is at the center of the earth’s orbit. The radiation pressure is radially outward. Perpendicular to the velocity.

So if radiation pressure is supposed to be the aether, it can’t speed anything up in the direction of the earth’s travel, or in the opposite direction.

But radiation pressure where experiments are carried out is much smaller, since light gets reflected and absorbed throughout the atmosphere. It does not pass through the earth.

The mirrors in the experiment aren’t even pointed at the sun, so what does this have to do with anything?

Nobody else thinks radiation pressure is the aether. This is just a pile of nonsense that is not coherent. Just obtuseness.

Din’t bring it up again.