EdEarl

Doppler effect only occurs if the distance between sound source and listener is changing.

"A thermometer on the sunny side (of the International Space Station) would reach something like 250 degrees F (121 C), while a thermometer on the dark side would plunge to something ike minus 250 degrees F (-157 C)." From: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_temperature_outside_the_international_space_station

I do not know why a circle would be relevant. Explain?

I do not know where you live, Georgi, but I agree with you about education reform Here in the USA, there are many problems with school systems, and they sometimes appear to be getting worse rather than better.

On the other hand, an educational revolution is occurring outside school systems, because the internet provides access to information. See TED Talks by Sugata Mitra and Salman Khan.

Sugata Mitra showed that children self organize into groups of about 30 to study when given only one computer and access to information...no teacher.

Salmon Khan started KhanAcademy.org, which is used by millions of students and tens of thousands of teachers.

And, many more things are being done. Who knows what will eventually happen?

Thanks for all your replies. Looking at Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse, it says that with climate getting colder and drier, the tropical rainforests were devastated, and this caused the oxygen amounts to lower and carbondioxide to rise. Still, there doesn't seem to be anything told about the sizes of plants, and I'm guessing that only biomass changed, not individual sizes.

 

 

We can't ignore the CO₂. If you check this chart(on page 9), comparing those values with current ones shows that during Carboniferous Period the CO₂ levels were 2 or 3 thousand times higher than current levels.

I understand that CO2 levels control global temperature or at least strongly correlate.

However, my question was about O2 amounts in the atmosphere. Conversion of CO2 into O2 and sequestered C cannot account for a 40% increase in O2, because the CO2 levels are only 400 ppm (.0.04%) today, and the most CO2 in history I have ever heard reported is 1000 ppm.

Sorry about not making that clear before.

There is negligible fission in the earth's core. The energy comes from radioactive decay.

ty. I learned something. Fission and radioactive decay are similar but different, and fission releases much more energy.

Frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional for all kinds of waves, including ocean, sound and light.

Without fission radioactivity in the Earth's core, there would be no volcanos and no earthquakes. However, the surface of Earth is warmed a little by the Sun but would not be as cold as Mars surface.

A few feet under the surface of the Earth, the temperature is about 70F, regardless of surface temperature. However, as one goes deeper, the temperature increases. A few thousand feet down the temperature can kill.

The universe is 99.99...9% empty.

And, whatever isn't empty, spontaneously created from nothing almost 14 billion years ago in the BB, which wasn't a bang; rather, it was the expansion of an infinitely small point, which is expanding into infinity.

I think the best answer to "What is mass?" and "What is the definition of mass." is that it is a quality of matter.

However, we really do not know what matter and energy are. The theory of everything is incomplete...maybe not even started.

Moreover, I am confused about whether this thread should be in physics, phylosophy, or speculation.

 

During the Carboniferous Period oxygen levels were as much as 40% higher than today ..., CO2 levels were also quite high at that time as well.

The atmosphere is currently about 78%N, 21%O, 1%Ar, and 0.04%CO2. If O is 40% higher, then it would be about 29%O.

Assume we can ignore the miniscule amounts of Ar and CO2, then what happened?

1. The total O increased, and total N remaining the same, meaning the atmosphere was thicker with increased pressure?

2. The total O remained the same, and total N reduced, meaning the atmosphere was thinner with decreased pressure?

3. The total O increased and total N decreased, meaning thickness and pressure remained about the same.

If 1. where did the O come from?

If 2. where did the N go?

If 3. then the answers to the above two questions answer this condition.

I've known what gun powder is made of, but not the exact quantities, but finding enough sulfer and saltpeter is a challenge.

I believe sulfur is available in garden centers. Saltpeter can be made from available material, as it was originally in China and elsewhere.

When I was a kid I was fascinated by firecrackers. However, I never had the desire to cut open a hundred fire crackers (or cherry bombs) and compact them into one massive bomb.

When we were about 13, my cousin and I did that. Filled up a bottle with the powder from many black-cats, ran a thin wire thru the bottle, connected it to a train transformer, and put the bottle in a wash tub filled with water. We put the tub assembly outside the back door, ran an extension cord inside the house to the transformer, and turned it on.

The explosion nearly knocked the bottom out of the tub and sent it flying into the air a couple of meters. The tub was ruined. Of course, our parents weren't happy about our adventure, We were lucky not to do more damage or hurt ourselves. But the fun was worth the grief.

I am an ignorant American, who has difficulty with English and knows no other spoken language.

Although, I have developed code in a dozen different programming languages.

Those are all good questions above. Our legal system is intended to sort it out.

 

tyvm

You are more optimistic about our legal system than I. IMO, some things they do well and others they ignore, unless citizens force them to pay attention.

There are two main reasons people believe the things they do.

1) They are taught the things they believe.

2) They use their brain to decide for themselves the things they believe.

Either of these methods can result in a person believing either science or otherwise.

Marks was an athiest; thus, he tended to believe science rather than religion and myth.

Socialists???

Scientists have been working to understand the brain for quite some time, and their discoveries are impressive. I recently posted Hierarchical Temporal Memory in Science News, and the youtube link by Jeff Hawkins has some info relevant to this discussion. Other researchers have been able to link directly to a neuron, and believe they can eventually connect a fiber optic cable to many neurons. Moreover, they can genetically alter neurons to fluoresce when a neuron fires, and make neurons fire when stimulated by light.

See:

Watching a Rat Brain Think about Running

IMO we will not be able to dump the information learned over many years, nor load the brain very very fast instead of learning as we do now. I can only work as fast as we currently think, observe, and feel, as Jeff Hawkins said.

Living is dangerous and freedom is not free.

We should be careful to protect our freedoms, such as freedom of speech. Making laws to ban disseminating information, such as bomb making, diminishes our freedom of speech. We need to carefully balance the benefits and costs, before we make laws that infringe on our freedom.

What is the chance of any one of us being killed by a bomb?

Would banning bomb making info from the internet really reduce our chance of being killed by a bomb, if so, how much?

What are the bad effects of making a law to ban information. What would its benefits be? Is such a law enforceable? If it is enforceable, what would it cost? Could we spend the money in a better way?

Etc.

This is old news, but my search did not find any hits.

IMO this is the most exciting development in artificial general intelligence (AGi) ever. It may be the software breakthru necessary for AGI, and they are working on special hardware.

See the following:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical_temporal_memory

https://www.groksolutions.com/

Search youtube for more videos by jeff hawkins.

You mean in Science ? / Philosophy ?

Yes, mainly science. E.g., been checking on biodiesel produced from algae and artificial general intellegence today.

Good for you ! Keep going ! ( It's an age thing )

 

Mike

There are many things that I find even more interesting.

Since the last time you checked that, computers have gotten rewritable memory to store the Bios.

Same for all hardware with a microcode, for instance a disk host or a graphics card can receive an update.

One excellent reason for it is that true Rom chips are not available any more.

Duh! I knew that, LOL. I was reaching back into my memory to the time before EPROM, EEPROM and flash memory.

Can you make any progress on this problem, and if you have, tell me about it. I'll try to help by telling you whether you are on the right path or not, and maybe give hints.

A ball can float in the stream of air coming from the blowing end of a vacuum cleaner. The ball as no engine, it floats due to the energy contained in the stream of air.

These engineless craft float because 30,000 volts of electricity provides enough energy to lift the craft, aparently on a stream of air propelled by ionization from 30KV instead of a vacuum cleaner.

The blue, green, and red lines on the graph must not correspond to blue, green and red light, because blue light wavelengths are around 475 nm, green around 510 nm, and red around 650 nm. The lines represent the intensity of light emitted at variouis wavelengths (colors) when the black body is 5000K (blue line), 4000K (green line), and 3000K (red line). Light intensity is related to the number of photons being emitted. And, the energy per photon is higher for shorter wavelengths of light.