Sohan Lalwani

Not disagreeing with this statement.

I am starting "General Astronomy"

Yes, my apologies I should have worded it better The carboxylic group (-COOH) in formic acid does exhibit resonance. The electrons in the double bond between the carbon and one oxygen can delocalize, creating a resonance structure with a partial negative charge on the single-bonded oxygen and partial double-bond character on both C–O bonds.

Bros onto something Bros on something Someone ban this guy In July 2004 the international community will convene in Bangkok, Thailand, for the 15th international AIDS conference. The gathering occurs at an opportune time in global health as just months earlier, the World Health Organization and UNAIDS launched the “3 by 5” programme—a global initiative to provide antiretroviral therapy to 3 million with HIV/AIDS in developing countries by the end of 2005.1 Additionally in the past few years the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria was created, to finance a scaling up of resources for interventions against all three diseases (www.theglobalfund.org/en/). These initiatives are augmented by increases in funding from private, national, and international sources. Together these efforts represent one of the most important trends in global health over the past five years. The movement for increased funding for HIV/AIDS in developing countries has brought attention to the issue and initiated a process of responding to it.- THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC478206/ Your not the main character brother, medicine does not have any "beef with you."

I personally find the divergence from new world apes from old world apes extremely interesting Being myself, I would just spam counterarguments and citations about human evolution to creationists But I found that illogical, do you have any ideas?

Are there any known variations in the chemical composition of formic acid between Oecophylla longinoda and Oecophylla smaragdina? If so, what are the differences, and how might these variations influence their interspecific interactions with other ants in their respective environments?

Could you specify what type of nerve damage or is this question just in general?

I am about to start general astronomy at my college, any suggestions on what to prepare for or any tips regarding the subject?

Regarding Saccorhytus, yes I was very wrong, I had previously read much older studies. However, he statement that the protostome–deuterostome split occurred between 560 million years ago (MYA) and about 988 MYA is enormously wrong because it oversimplifies and misrepresents the substantial uncertainty, methodological variability, and wider range of divergence time estimates demonstrated by rigorous molecular clock analyses and fossil evidence. Molecular clock studies reveal a broader and more variable timeframe for the protostome–deuterostome split than the stated 560–988 MYA range. For example, one well-supported estimate places the divergence at approximately 794 MYA, with a 95% confidence interval extending from 685 to 918 MYA, illustrating significant uncertainty around any point estimate. Other analyses suggest that this event could have occurred anywhere from roughly 600 MYA to over 1,000 MYA, and some molecular estimates even propose divergence times exceeding 1,200 MYA. The narrow range of 560–988 MYA conveniently excludes important credible intervals and consensus estimates within the scientific community, which reflect a wider temporal distribution. The cited dates likely represent specific selected estimates or bounds rather than robust consensus points. Molecular clock estimates depend critically on calibration choices and models applied; relaxed molecular clocks accommodate varying rates of molecular evolution and often yield broader confidence intervals. The lower boundary of 560 MYA may reflect a minimal fossil calibration constraint rather than a true divergence time, while the upper boundary near 988 MYA may derive from older, less constrained molecular clock calibrations that do not account for lineage-specific rate variation sufficiently. Presenting these as definitive boundaries ignores these nuanced aspects and risks misleading interpretations. Fossil evidence supports the presence of bilaterian animals, which include protostomes and deuterostomes, around the late Ediacaran and early Cambrian (approximately 550–600 MYA), providing a minimum age for divergence but not necessarily its origin. Molecular analyses typically place the split significantly earlier, implying a potentially long “ghost lineage” period unrepresented in the fossil record. Your statement slightly statement disregards this important distinction by suggesting a narrow divergence window that conflates fossil appearance with actual lineage splitting.Wade, B. D., & Smith, M. J. (2023). Worms and gills, plates and spines: the evolutionary origins and incredible disparity of deuterostomes revealed by fossils, genes, and development. Biological Reviews, Wiley Online Library. Here are some references: URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/brv.12908 Dunn, C. W., et al. (2005). Origin of the Eumetazoa: testing ecological predictions of molecular clocks against the Proterozoic fossil record. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102(13), 4646–4651. URL: https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.0503660102 Bourlat, S. J., et al. (2008). Deciphering deuterostome phylogeny: molecular, morphological and palaeontological perspectives. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363(1496), 1557–1568. URL: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rstb.2007.2246 Swalla, B. J., & Smith, A. B. (2016). The phylogeny, evolutionary developmental biology, and paleobiology of the Deuterostomia: 25 years of new techniques, new discoveries, and new ideas. Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 16(1), 5-21. URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13127-016-0270-x

Oh god

So we agree yes? What about Joe the bartender?

No, my statement is not incorrect 😝 Point out where it is factually flawed 😝 The protostome–deuterostome split is typically dated to around 600–670 million years ago, not definitively 700 MYA. And yes we could go back to LUCA, but since this is a science forum it is better to be specific no?

Yes I know, but based off the information provided on the specific individual, the individual having the genetic makeup I listed, what would your estimate for Neanderthal ancestry be?

I think it would be more accurate to say homonin ancestor rather than common human ancestor, not the record over hundreds or thousands of millions of years" simply because the first human ancestor was Saccorhytus

First I would like to have the answer for on average, but now I am extremely curious about Joe the bartenders genetic makeup

Its a question, can you not answer it?

Can I please see any sort of statistic for this? Dude what Again, statistics? "Remember that for most of primate history the females were not always necessarily willing partners" WHERES THE EVIDENCE MAN Is this even appropriate for the audience my guy? Ok please state, certain men, not men in general dude The question in general is a Us both brother Elaborate please, I am yet to meet a cultural with such an intense "fetish" for this topic This forum question is hella weird Statistics?

Would you estimate the individual to have higher or lower Neanderthal ancestry?

I have a very specific question. Lets say perhaps an individual is 47% from the Deccan 19% from Northern China 17% from Western Himalayas/Hindu Kush 3% for Southern India, 3% from the Indo-Gangetic plain 2% from the Gulf of Khambhat 2% from various Tibetan peoples and 1% from Western China Knowing this information, would you estimate the individual to have higher or lower Neanderthal ancestry?

Having an opposing view is recalcitrance?

Mild to moderate nerve injury (e.g., neurapraxia or axonotmesis) is often partially or fully recoverable with time and treatment.

Why is this downvoted? What did I say in here that is factually incorrect?

Ok 👍

Gee, using general terminology does not make it incorrect, sure I could have gotten more specific but my statement is not wrong. The West Health-Gallup survey itself defines 37% of Americans as “cost insecure” and 8% as “cost desperate.” That’s not my language — that’s Gallup’s. And in healthcare, "struggling" often does mean going without. So while I take your point about precision, I also think it’s worth acknowledging that the lived experience of these people aligns a lot more with “can’t afford” than with “mild inconvenience.” Oversimplification can be dangerous — but so can over-qualification when it dulls the urgency of the issue. Across various sources generally specific to America: In U.S., Inability to Pay for Care, Medicine Hits New High news.gallup.com "Similar race and income gaps are evident among these Cost Insecure Americans. Black (45%) and Hispanic (48%) adults are far more likely than White Americans (34%) to fall into this category, as are Americans who earn less than $48,000 annually, just over half of whom are considered Cost Insecure." This shows demographic specifics of the 45% figure, highlighting racial and income disparities related to healthcare affordability. 45 percent of Americans unable to afford or access healthcare: survey thehill.com "Nearly half of U.S. adults — 45 percent — admit to skipping a doctor's appointment or not picking up medication they need because they either couldn't afford ..." This passage directly states that 45% of adults face affordability issues, linking healthcare cost struggles with skipping care. Growing Number Of Adults Can't Afford Healthcare thenonprofittimes.com "Black (45%) and Hispanic (48%) adults are far more likely than White Americans (34%) to fall into this category, as are Americans who earn ..." Similar demographic breakdown confirming the 45% affordability struggle statistic. Americans Borrowed $74B To Pay Medical Bills thenonprofittimes.com "Nearly half (45%) of American adults report struggling to cover their medical bills and are either Cost Insecure or Cost Desperate. Younger adults are more than three times as likely to be Cost Desperate than those 65 and older (10% vs. 3%), the data shows. The percentage of people age 50 to 64 years old considered Cost Desperate has risen to ..." This identifies nearly half of adults as struggling financially with medical bills, confirming the 45% figure. New Study Reveals More Struggling to Afford Healthcare westhealth.org "Forty-five percent of American adults report struggling to cover their medical bills and are either Cost Insecure or Cost Desperate. Younger ..." Reiterates the 45% number, emphasizing medical bill struggles. 45% Of Americans Struggle To Afford Health Care Across The States kffhealthnews.org "45% Of Americans Struggle To Afford ... Experts have suggested that poor nutrition and unequal access to healthcare could be holding Americans ..." Shows the 45% figure in a broad healthcare affordability context. A New Study Reveals More Americans Struggling to Pay for Health ... thewellnews.com "The poll found 45% of American adults report struggling to cover their medical bills and are either Cost Insecure or Cost Desperate. Younger ..." Confirms the statistic in a recent poll data context. US Health Care Now Unaffordable for Nearly Half of Americans newsweek.com "Nearly half of all Americans struggle to afford access to quality health care and prescription medications." This approximately aligns with the 45% statistic, highlighting widespread difficulty in healthcare affordability. Gallup: 45% of adults cannot afford the care they need healthexec.com "The number of adults who can afford the healthcare they need is rising, according to findings from a new survey by West Health and Gallup.. While most Americans surveyed said they are “cost secure” when it comes to paying for healthcare—including premiums, copays, prescriptions and medical bills—45% of adults reported having a problem coming up with the money." Supports the 45% figure by stating the portion of adults who are not cost secure. Gallup: Portion of Americans who can’t afford health care is growing cleveland.com "Black (45%) and Hispanic (48%) adults, as well as Americans who earn less than $48,000 annually, were more likely than white Americans (34%) to fall into the Cost Insecure category." Confirms demographic details related to the 45% cost insecurity. Half of working -age adults said it was very or somewhat difficult to ... commonwealthfund.org "Data: Commonwealth Fund 2023 Health Care Affordability Survey. Percentage of adults ages 19–64 by income who delayed or skipped any needed health care because they couldn’t afford it, by insurance type and poverty level. Presents data close to 45%, showing affordability issues across insurance types. How does cost affect access to healthcare? healthsystemtracker.org "About half of adults (45%) report being worried about their ability to pay medical bills if they get sick or have an accident. About three in ..." Shows the 45% figure in terms of prediction or worry of medical bill payment. In U.S., Affording Healthcare More of a Struggle Since 2022 news.gallup.com "The percentage of US adults readily able to access and afford quality healthcare when they need it has dropped six percentage points since 2022 to 55%." Indicates a complementary figure where 45% struggle to afford care, as 55% are cost secure. Healthcare Crisis Hits New High: Record 29 Million Americans Can't ... studyfinds.org "Black (45%) and Hispanic (48%) adults are much more likely than White Americans (34%) to occupy this precarious middle ground. Healthcare Access Problems Worsen More than one-third of Americans (35%) report being unable to access quality, affordable healthcare – up 4% from 2023 and 6% since 2021." Demographic re-affirmation of the 45% struggle rate. Inability to Pay for Healthcare Reaches Record High in U.S. westhealth.org "Rates were higher among Black and Hispanic Americans, with 46% and 52%, respectively, reporting that they would be unable to afford quality healthcare. Americans in higher-income households remained relatively stable in their ability to access affordable care, but the rate of unaffordability increased significantly among lower-income households." Supports slightly higher than 45%, relevant to affordability challenges. More Americans Can't Afford Health Care, Prescriptions usnews.com "More than one-third of Americans — an estimated 91 million people — say they couldn't afford to access quality health care if they needed it today, according to the latest West Health-Gallup Healthcare Affordability Index." Though this states "In all, about half (51%) of Americans are considered “cost secure,”... It’s the lowest level observed since the index started in 2021." > Again indicating that about 45%-49% of Americans are cost insecure. TRACKING HEALTHCARE AFFORDABILITY AND VALUE westhealth.org "The Healthcare Affordability Index evaluates three key factors in determining the ability of Americans to afford healthcare: 1) ... Based on prior West Health‑ Gallup research, nearly half (45%) believe that their household pays about the right amount for the care household members receive. Poor Perceived Value" Provides perception data linked with the 45% figure. Healthcare in the US Becoming Less Affordable - Health Systems healthsystemsfacts.org "Healthcare in the US Becoming Less Affordable - World Health Systems Facts provides factual data on health systems and policies. ... “The remaining 45% of American adults are classified as either Cost Insecure or Cost Desperate. Adults under the age of 65 are more than three times as likely to be Cost Desperate as those aged 65 and older (10% ..." Directly labels 45% of adults as struggling regarding healthcare costs. "The percentage of personal health care expenditures from out-of-pocket spending was lower in 2019 (12.7%)...But many Americans still face high out-of-pocket costs." > Connects economic impact relating to healthcare spending burdens consistent with 45% figure in recent studies. Number of Americans struggling to pay medical bills reaches new high "Number of Americans struggling to pay medical bills reaches new high. ... The percentage of Americans considered cost secure has eroded from 56% in 2021 to just 51% in 2024.." Shows the near half proportion of Americans struggling with affordability.