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Why does kinetic energy increase as velocity squared?

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The formula for kinetic energy is E=[1/2]mv^2 and the formula for momentum is P=mv. I ran into these in physics class long ago and was really bothered by the first formula. How can energy go up as the square of the velocity?

Just showing how the KE formula is derived:

 

Consider a moving body with initial velocity v and final velocity 0. Let the distance travelled be S. Let the retardation force be F and deceleration be d.

Then, 0^2=v^2+2aS or a=-v^2/2S

So F=md=m(-a)=mv^2/2S

So work done = FS=mv^2/2

But work done = KE

So KE=0.5mv^2

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