Hello.

I am working on a project to build a model satelite with some functionality. Communications, Payload Sensors, Attitude sensing, robotic arm, solar panel and a simulated RCS.

We are restricted to low budget and i would like to know what types of sensors (arduino, raspberry pi compatible) we could use to measure e.g. prescence of certain chemicals-->spectrograh and magnetic field, eath's surface relief etc.

Arduino and hall sensor jump to mind. Ir temperature as well.

 

What is your aim for the model? Have you investigated cubesats?

cubesat,

But what want to know is there a non-contact temperature sensor aviailable? That works at a distance of meters at least

Based on the information on this website, their IR sensors have a range up to 2.5 m. (perhaps longer range is possible, I only browsed it cursory)

Current satellites use arrays or ir sensors to take "photos", these photos give you a cloud top temperature photo. Which is why I suggested it. The range is not trivial. But I've used commercial handheld devices that give a reasonable measurement over 10s meters.