gre

Here are a couple sample experiments. A rotating centrifuge with a positive electric field around its axis, and a negative electric field around its outside border is filled with hydrogen (contained). If the hydrogen could spin around with the centrifuge (a magnetic field might be needed?), and the electric potential was just under the ionization level, could the centripetal force add enough energy to ionize the hydrogen? Idea #1. If a centrifuge has very strong positive elective electric field on its axis, could the spinning of the centrifuge cause ionization in compounds/atoms? For example, is it possible for the covalent electron to stick to the potential (axis) and the more massive proton could be forced to the outside of the centrifuge overcoming the binding force?

Do you have any examples where one could ionize atoms with force only?

Interesting. Another question.. Is it possible to ionize atoms with force alone? I.e. acceleration force overcomes binding coulombs force.

Is there such a thing as maximum acceleration of mass? For example, mass can't travel at the speed of light. But can the mass of a baseball travel to .5c in one trillionth of a second? Or would it turn into energy? Thanks. Greg

I think so. If plasma was moving at c, it would become energy, right?

I would say mass is any form of energy traveling slower than the speed of light.

I was mostly curious about "force" itself being quantized. I was also wondering if a phonon could be considered a gauge boson, and if they were also carriers of momentum, centrifugal, centripetal force, as well as vibrational energy *edit* and gravity possibly as well (?) The way I understand it: phonons transfer vibrational energy within electric circuits (or any other direct mass to mass energy/force transfers) and photons transfer EM energy from (mass to space to mass). Could they be responsible for transferring all "mass to mass" forces? ...Another thought I just had regarding quantization. Could the Rydberg constant mass be considered the quantum for mass? m = 2.17987e-18 / c^2 = 2.425e-35 kg (for energy levels etc)

Electrons could probably be considered quanta of mass. And maybe the coulombs within a hydrogen atom could be coulombs force? I don't know.

I'm trying to show that meters (the only evidence of space) over seconds (the only evidence of time), can be equal to one, and together they're just a velocity.

Why can't spacetime just be considered the velocity of a frame of reference (since a frame's time is dependent on its velocity) Looking at: E = mc^2 energy = mass * (meters^2 / seconds^2) or mass * (velocity^2) mass = energy * (seconds^2 / meters^2) or energy * (velocity^2) (inverse of velocity, but the meaning is the same) This also explains why mass and energy are equals.

I meant .99c

What is the voltage (potential) required to accelerate a single proton to c?

Is there such a thing? How could it be figured?

So, in other words, you have no idea how to calculate the magnetic field strength in the center of the earth. Give it a shot. What do you think the formula would be? btw, I didn't expect my formula would be valid.

So, why can't you say the magnetic strength at the center of the earth in a spherical-meter is 1.53e10 T?

I figured 6.65e9 Volts for a proton mass. Is this right?

Could you do something like this? (4*pi*earth_radius^2) * magnetic_field_strength_earths_surface 5.10352e14 m^2 * 3e-5 T = 1.53e10 Then use this number to scale down?

Well how could you calculate the magnetic field strength near the center of the earth? Is it possible?

Does the strength of earth's magnetic field increase towards the center/core?

Oops, that's right. Few more questions: 1.) Does the one neutron change the orbital pattern in deuterium? 2.) Could you say only protons are responsible for the atoms orbital structure? 3.) Also if a hydrogen atom was accelerated to 2x the relativistic mass/energy of 1 proton, would the orbital structure change to something more like a helium atom?

Thanks for the info. Another quick question. Since the ground state orbital of hydrogen only has one electron, and the next level (i think) has 4 times the energy (energy of 4 grounds state electrons), and the next is 9 times the energy of the ground state. Does this man that neutrons dd to the electron orbitals/energy states (the same as protons), i.e. in a deuterium atom, which has 2 electrons in the ground state, and the rest of the orbitals/energy levels are multiples of the ground state level?

What is the difference between energy levels and electron orbitals? And why does this occur, for example with hydrogen: n =1 -13.6 eV n =2 -3.4 eV n =3 -1.51 eV Then the maximum electrons per shell are: orbital_1 = 2 orbital_2 = 8 orbital_3 = 18 orbital_1 goes into orbital_2 4 times (n=2) goes into (n=1) 4 times