BabcockHall

In my experience with linear phosphonates (no metal ion was present), the three-bond coupling constants are often larger than the two-bond coupling constants.  I don't know enough about phosphines or the cyclopentadienyl system to have any expectation one way or another.

There are some true statements within what you have written, but I also sense some possible misconceptions.  When we ingest dietary fat, lipase enzymes break them down, but then triglycerides are reformed and packaged as chylomicron particles, which are taken up by other tissues.  There are other kinds of lipoprotein particles besides chylomicrons, however, and cells have the ability to bind to these particles.  Adipocytes do produce free fatty acids (not sure about monoacylglycerols), but in the bloodstream they are complexed to fatty acid binding proteins (they are not soluble enough on their own).

Although I think that the concept of a high energy bond can mislead the unwary, I think that you are on the right track.  The free energies of hydrolysis of esters vary quite a bit from one to another.  I don't have a table that provides this value for an acylcarnitine ester; however, my recollection is that it is relatively high in energy.

inverse, This section is homework help, not homework answers.

In the particular example of translation, occasionally the wrong (non cognate) amino acid is incorporated.  IIRC this happens about one time in ten thousand, but I don't have a reference in front of me.  The normal rate of translation appears to be a compromise between speed and accuracy.

Try doing a search at PubMed.  You can limit searches there to just review articles.

I would draw out the resonance forms of M in the conjugate base form.

This sounds like homework.  If you tell us what you have found out so far and where you are stuck, we can offer guidance.

femz and anum,

It is an entirely reasonable policy for the forum to provide help but not answers.  Providing help can take time; therefore, waiting until it becomes "urgent" is not a good strategy.

femz, "thanks guys, i actually don't know it atall. so,i waited to get more answer so i can compare" is basically stating that you want us to provide you with multiple answers to a question that you have not thought about in the slightest.

anum,  Please don't post the same question in a different thread.

It is a forum policy that you must make an attempt to answer a question before we can help you.  My suggestion is that you start by defining and explaining what an isoelectric point (pI) is.

I agree that there is a cobalt atom present.  Here is the some information on Vitamin B12:  http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/vitamin-b12/dosing/hrb-20060243

Although I am personally fine with people trying to understand body chemistry, no one here can give you medical advice.  For one thing, no one here is qualified to do so.

At my institution an Honor's thesis covers novel research done by the undergraduate over the course of about a year.    Obviously, the amount of research is much less than a Ph.D. thesis.

At my institution, about 5% of the undergraduates write an Honor's thesis.  Students doing directed independent study typically write research reports.

swansont,

My experience is in chemistry, and things may be different.  Based on your description of your master's degree in physics, I would call it a coursework-based master's degree.  Maybe I should have used a different term in my first post, such as "research-based masters" for one that has original research as one of the requirements.  Revising my terminology, I would say that a thesis-based master's could either be research-based or literature-based (in which one writes an extensive review of the literature on some topic).

A thesis-based master's degree must involve novel work.  A literature-based master's degree may involve an extensive review of the literature.  Any one department may offer only one or the other option.

On what basis did you make the choice of major and minor for B?

I would think about other resonance forms.

With regards to your second question, I can offer some general thoughts.  Some branches of microbiology overlap with genetics, molecular biology, and biochemistry.  Therefore, general chemistry and organic chemistry would be good courses to take, even if you majored in biology as an undergraduate.  

Have you covered dilution calculations in class?

Could you be releasing oxygen just on the basis of its being less soluble at high temperature than low (as is typical for gases)?  In other words, could this result be an artifact?

Do you think that this reaction will proceed via a SN2-type mechanism or another mechanism?

You must provide your thoughts before we can help you.  I would start by defining or explaining what an autosomal dominant trait is.

Is this a homework problem, a research problem, or something else?  Would you please provide your thoughts first?  That is the general rule at this discussion board.

Do you know the pK_a of the conjugate acid of a typical sulfide?