big314mp

"When have you considered that you belong to the group of people who have the same religion as you? If you don’t remember, is it because you had born in a religious environment? " Might be better worded as "When did you first consider that you belong to a group of people who have the same religion as you?" "Does your religion influence on your diary decisions?" I think you are trying to ask "Does your religion influence your daily decisions and/or activities?" "Do you participate of religious meetings such as mass, worships, etc? If you don’t, have you ever gone to one of them to know the religious routine? If you do (according to the main question), how much time (per week) do you spend on those? *" Could be written as: "Do you participate in...", "If you don't, are you familiar with the structure of these meetings?" "Does your religion influences in your relationships?" Can be rewritten as "Does your religion influence your relationship" After all that nitpicking , your questions are very good. They are very to the point, and will provide lots of relevant information to your study. My grasp of languages (other than English, as it is my native one) is REALLY poor. I studied spanish for 6 years, and can honestly say that I know nothing about Spanish. What I'm trying to say, is that your communication skills in English are quite good.

http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=3996058.PN.&OS=PN/3996058&RS=PN/3996058 This patent suggests that the dichromate reacts with dissolved oxygen, thereby preventing that oxygen from corroding the steel. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosion_inhibitor This one indicates that the dichromate forms a passivation layer on the steel, protecting it. It is probably condition dependent (such as what the pipe is carrying) for which mechanism is dominant.

My seventh grade science teacher used the piezo igniter (he just pulled it off of an old gas grill). He was using cheap hairspray for propellant. I've never heard of anyone using a spark plug, but it would theoretically provide a hotter spark. I don't know if that is really relevant in this application, however.

If you can get an ignition coil, you can pulse 12V power through it and it will spark (same way a car works). I would use a piezoelectric igniter, like the ones found on gas grills.

Myth: Lactose Intolerance is a food allergy. Fact: Allergies are an immune response, whereas lactose intolerance is not having the enzyme for breaking down lactose.

done. Had to reread a few questions to understand, but decently thorough.

Warning: Being an ass is hazardous to your health. Does anyone have any ideas on how one could compare the effects of polluted air to cigarette smoking, even just a rough comparison? Something along the lines of: Breathing the air in X city is the equivalent of smoking Y packs of cigarettes a week.

This should be posted in the food myths thread. And as for the milk bit, it's a source of protein, calcium, and fat. All of those are needed (in moderation, obviously). I guess the point I'm trying to make is that this is really low down on the health priority list, and you'd have to be almost abusing milk to get any negative effects from it. I realize that anecdotes aren't science, but w/e: One of my friends from high school would drink more than a liter of milk in a day, every day (he liked the taste), and he saw no ill effects.

Well, you excrete more salt than normal (via sweat), so it would make sense for you to have to take in more salt than normal. In fact, it would be unhealthy to take in less salt than you do (the cramps being your bodies way of saying "GET MORE SALT!"). If you were just excreting the "normal" amount of salt, yet still eating large quantities of salty food, then the whole salt-is-the-spawn-of-satan song and dance would be somewhat more appropriate.

Well...there are some things that have to be considered, and I'll use the hydroxyl group (-OH) to demonstrate: First: there are two types of bonding electrons, sigma and pi. The electron withdrawing effects can be different between the two (i.e. a group may with draw sigma electrons and donate pi electrons). Second: Sigma electrons are donated/withdrawn solely on the basis of electroneagativity, just as mrsemmapeel describes. Third: Pi electrons are donated and withdrawn based on the resonance structure. If a resonance structure can be drawn that has multiple bonds to a group (and therefore formal charges) instead of a single bond, that group is electron donating. For example, consider phenol: The hydroxyl group has two lone pairs on the oxygen. One of these lone pairs can be donated to a bond with the hydroxyl group carbon. This pushes the electrons from the carbon-carbon double bond to the carbon that it ortho to the hydroxyl group carbon. This resonance structure has a formal plus charge on the oxygen, and a formal minus charge on the ortho carbons. The next double bond can also be pushed over, putting a minus charge at the para position. As such, the hydroxyl group is an electron donating group, even though oxygen has a high electronegativity. Other donating groups are alkoxides (-OR) and amines (-NR3). You will notice that both of these groups have one or more lone pairs to donate to a bond with an adjacent carbon. Thus by donating to a pi bond, these groups are electron donating (in spite of their electronegativities). To make life easy, if your group has lone pairs, try drawing a resonance structure where that lone pair is in a bond.

Food Myth that I saw today: MSG really isn't that evil, seeing as "MSG-free" is great marketing tool, whereas the FDA classifies MSG in it's "Generally Recognized as Safe" category.

lol...TBH, I don't eat enough potatoes to know the slightest thing about their nutritional value/fillingness. I just assumed they were based on the thread Thanks for the info guys!

http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/548starchiodine.html Did you have any iodide salt in the iodine solution?

I'm posting a link to the relevant patent, just to make things easier for people: http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5,247,933.PN.&OS=PN/5,247,933&RS=PN/5,247,933

Two points: First, there haven't been many generations since the introduction of contraception, so there hasn't been much time to adapt. Second, if someone had a mutation that made them resistant to the pill (or, god forbid, a mutation that destroyed condoms) they would most likely use a different method of contraception rather than just having unprotected sex. And then there are things such as what christiannnna brought up.

The wiki article should have more than enough info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromine

Your problem lies in the fact that NaClO (sodium hypochlorite, the active component of bleach) will break down into NaClO3 and NaCl. So you reaction is actually: NaClO3 + KCl -> NaCl + KClO3 Well for the first part at least. The second part using Ca(ClO)2 works the same way.

The importance of the glycemic index is more of how fast your body can "use up" the consumed calories. Potatoes aren't fattening because of a high glycemic index. The high GI means that your body will feel hungrier sooner after eating a potato, rather than something with a low GI. The end result being that you eat more. Gaining and losing weight is easily summarized into whether you eat more calories than you burn, or vice versa.

That sounds awfully low for a bunsen burner...I would think you could at the very least get 1000+ C out of one: http://hypertextbook.com/facts/1998/JamesDanyluk.shtml You might have better luck if you can find potassium perchlorate. How much nitrate did you use? I've only seen this demo done out of a large test tube, so perhaps there was too much to heat it properly? I think disposable bottles of oxygen can be found in hardware stores in the tools section, if you want to look into that also. They would be with the welding supplies. And I think that disposable helium tanks are pretty cheap also. I haven't seen any recently, but I used to have a few lying around, and they carried quite a bit of helium per tank. They were about the size and shape of a propane cylinder.

Now I want to build one I am quite surprised that the torches wouldn't provide enough heat. Maybe natural gas would work, as 100,000+ btu burners aren't that rare around here. Any thoughts? Perhaps a large arc welder could get to higher temperatures, as you would not have as much gas (no combustion, so no need for air) passing through the furnace, so you could have lower heat loss. Not to mention that the arc itself is higher temperature. That would be a serious amount of current though. How big is the furnace that you built, and what do you use it for?

PA systems also run at higher voltages than standard audio, so you should have lower resistive losses for a given amount of power.

I don't know...I would think 1400C wouldn't be too hard to achieve for a small furnace. You could rig a ceramic dish type crucible (i.e. flat bottom), and heat from bottom with an acetylene or MAPP gas torch. You could get the stuff from a welding supply company, including the argon gas supply. It would probably be expensive though. Fiberglass insulation (with the paper bit removed, obviously) could decrease your temperature delta across the dish, and reduce the chances of cracking. An IR based thermometer could be used to tell you the temperature, although I have no idea if they can go that high. If you live in the US, small MAPP gas and oxygen cylinders can usually be found in the tool sections of various hardware stores (I know Home Depot carries them). Those aren't too expensive. And you could substitute a flow of helium for argon (think balloon cylinder). Some kind of covering would be needed to trap the gas, as it will readily float away. You could build a miniature then scale up if it works. Wow...and that's what you call rambling, folks!

There was an article fairly recently in scientific american about itching, and if I recall, it said that the "itch signal" traveled along the same pathway as pain signals. Therefore, pain tends to mask itching, whereas pain killers, such as opiates, tend to cause (a better word may be unmask) itching. I should mention that the itching they were referring to was independent of histamine (i.e. not allergic reaction/poison ivy type). I'll go look for the article. If I can find it, I'll post specifics.

Can that be done with a cool platinum needle? Or does the platinum have to be warm.

Draw the resonance structures of the Anhydride and the ester, and look to see which has more positive charge on the carbonyl compound. The more positive the carbonyl carbon, the more reactive the species. Draw the resonance for the amide too.